客家方言的入声韵尾与韩国汉字音的入声韵尾对比

发布时间：2018-02-26 02:22

  本文关键词： 客家方言 韩国汉字音 入声韵尾　出处：《中央民族大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：客家方言和韩国汉字音属于不同类型的语言,但是客家方言和韩国汉字音中都有古代汉语入声韵尾的痕迹。本文以《汉语方言字汇》为研究对象,对比了客家方言的入声韵尾和韩国汉字音的入声韵尾。通过对比,找出客家方言的入声韵尾与韩国汉字音的入声韵尾之间的差异,分析产生这些差异的原因。这将对客家方言和韩国汉字音的音韵对比研究具有一定的意义。 但仅仅在客家方言的入声韵尾和韩国汉字音的入声韵尾之间进行比较是不够的。因为从表面上看来客家方言和韩国汉字音是完全不同的两个语言系统,偶尔看到的语音对应如果不从历史上找根源的话,只是个语音排列而已。因此,不从历史上找理据,这种语言对比有相当大的限制。所以,本文把中古音的入声韵尾作为参考,对比客家方言和韩国汉字音的入声韵尾。 以往的研究主要集中在韩国汉字音与粤方言、闽方言的的比较,或者是比较中韩两国现代汉字音,还没有发现客家方言的入声韵尾与韩国汉字音的入声韵尾之间的对比研究。因此,在本文中将以共时与历时相结合的比较方法来对比客家方言和韩国汉字音的入声韵尾,证明一直以来中古的入声韵尾[-p]和[-k]完整地保留在韩国汉字音里的定论是错误的。 本论文旨在通过客家方言的入声韵尾和韩国汉字音的入声韵尾对比,找到客家方言、韩国汉字音、中古音之间的对应关系以及例外的情况。为了分析客家方言和韩国汉字音的入声韵尾的对应关系,我们首先论述客家方言和韩国汉字音的形成过程及其入声字的变化与消失的过程。这是第二章里主要讨论的内容。 第三章里对比了客家方言的入声韵尾与韩国汉字音的入声韵尾。 首先,论述了客家方言的入声韵尾[-p]与韩国汉字音的入声韵尾[-p]、[-1]、[-k]的对应关系。客家方言的入声韵尾[-p]对应于韩国汉字音的入声韵尾[-p]是因为两个语言都完整地保留了中古的入声韵尾[-p]；客家方言的入声韵尾[-p]对应于韩国汉字音的入声韵尾[-1]是因为客家方言受到[-t]和[-p]混用时期的影响,在客家方言中以入声韵尾[-p]保留下来,而在韩国汉字音中是以[-1]保留下来。 客家方言的入声韵尾[-p]对应于韩国汉字音的入声韵尾[-k]的入声字只有两个。“夕”字在客家方言中是受到入声混用时期的影响把中古的入声韵尾[-k]以入声韵尾[-p]保留下来,而在韩国汉字音中保留了中古的入声韵尾[-k]。“炸”字在客家方言中是保留了中古的入声韵尾[-p],而在韩国汉字音中是以入声韵尾[-k]保留下来。这可以证明一直以来认为中古的入声韵尾[-k]和[-p]在韩国汉字音中完整地保留下来的定论是错误的。 其次,论述了客家方言的入声韵尾[-k]与韩国汉字音的入声韵尾[-k]和零形式的对应关系。客家方言的入声韵尾[-k]对应于韩国汉字音的入声韵尾[-k]是因为客家方言和韩国汉字音都完整地保留了中古的入声韵尾[-k]；客家方言的入声韵尾[-k]对应于韩国汉字音的零形式是因为这些字在中古时期没有入声韵尾,韩国汉字音是反映了中古音的情况。而客家方言可能是受到北方语言的影响,变成入声韵尾是[-k]的入声字。 最后,论述了客家方言的入声韵尾[-t]与韩国汉字音的[-1]、[-k]、[-p]以及零形式的对应关系。客家方言的入声韵尾[-t]对应于韩国汉字音的[-1]是因为客家方言保留了中古的入声韵尾[-t],而对中古的入声韵尾[-t]在韩国汉字音里以[-1]形式保留下来的原因说法不一,但笔者认为是受到外部因素和内部因素的影响。外部因素就是汉语音韵在某个时期有过[-t][-1]变化,这在汉语方言和纳西语里都有所体现；内部因素就是韩国语自身的特点是[-1]比[-t]更容易发出来。 客家方言的入声韵尾[-t]对应于韩国汉字音的入声韵尾[-k]是因为韩国汉字音保留了中古的入声韵尾[-k],而客家方言可能是因为受到文读取代白读、入声混用、[-k]变为[-t]等影响。客家方言的入声韵尾[-t]对应于韩国汉字音的入声韵尾[-p]是因为客家方言受到入声混用时期的影响,而“乏”字在韩国汉字音中完整地保留了中古的入声韵尾,“逼”字是中古的入声韵尾[-k]在韩国汉字音中是以入声韵尾[-k]或[-p]保留下来。这也是反驳关于韩国汉字音入声特点的证据。 客家方言的入声韵尾[-t]在韩国汉字音中没有韵尾,这是因为韩国汉字音反映的是“避”和“譬”在中古时期就没有入声韵尾的情况,而客家方言是自身产生了入声韵尾[-t]。“值”字在中古的时候有入声韵尾[-k],但客家方言受到入声混用的影响变成[-t],而在韩国汉字音中却没有入声韵尾。这也是反驳韩国汉字音入声特点的证据。 本文反映出的规律有助于两方学习者更好地认识到对方和自己语言的差别,又可以了解相互间的对应规律,并且为以后客家方言和韩国汉字音的对比研究具有一定的意义。
[Abstract]:The Hakka dialect and Korean Chinese characters sound belong to different types of language, but the Hakka dialect and South Korea have sound Chinese characters of ancient Chinese entering endings traces. This paper takes Chinese dialect vocabulary < > as the research object, the contrast of the Hakka dialect and Korean Chinese characters entering endings sound entering endings. Through the comparison, find out the differences between the Hakka dialect South Korea and Chinese characters entering endings sound entering endings, analysis of the reasons for these differences. It has a great significance of Hakka dialect and comparative study of phonology of South Korea. Chinese characters sound
But just between the Hakka dialect and Korean Chinese characters entering endings sound entering endings are compared is not enough. Because it seems on the surface of Hakka dialect and Korean Chinese characters sound is the two language systems completely different, corresponding to the occasional voice if you do not find a root from the history, just a voice so arranged it. No, for reasons from the history, the language comparison has considerable limitations. Therefore, the ancient entering endings as reference, comparison of Hakka dialect and Korean Chinese characters sound entering endings.
The previous studies mainly focused on the Korean Chinese characters sound and Guangdong dialect, compare Fujian dialect, or is the comparison between China and South Korea have not found Chinese characters modern sound, the comparative study between the Hakka dialect and Korean Chinese characters entering endings sound entering endings. Therefore, to compare the Hakka dialect and Korean Chinese characters sound entering endings in comparison method this paper, by combining synchronic and diachronic, that has been the middle of [-p] and [-k] entering endings to retain the integrity of the Korean Chinese characters sound in the conclusion is wrong.
This paper aims at the Hakka dialect and Korean Chinese characters entering endings sound entering endings contrast, find the Hakka dialect, tone in ancient Korea Chinese characters, the relation between and exceptions. In order to analyze the corresponding relationship between the Hakka dialect and Korean Chinese characters sound entering endings, we first discuss the Hakka dialect and Korean Chinese characters sound change the process and the entering characters and the process of disappearing. This is the second chapter mainly discusses the content.
The third chapter compares the Hakka dialect and Korean Chinese characters entering endings sound entering endings.
First of all, discusses the Hakka dialects entering endings [-p] and South Korea Chinese characters sound entering endings [-p], [-1], [-k]. The corresponding relationship between [-p] entering endings of the Hakka dialect in Korea Chinese characters sound entering endings [-p] because the two languages are intact medieval entering endings [-p] [-p]; the corresponding entering endings of the Hakka dialect in South Korea Chinese characters sound entering endings [-1] because the Hakka dialect is influenced by [-t] and [-p] mixed period, in the Hakka dialect with [-p] entering endings retained, while in South Korea is [-1] sound Chinese characters preserved.
The corresponding [-p] entering endings of the Hakka dialect tone characters in Korea Chinese characters sound entering endings only two of the [-k]. The word "Xi" in Hakka dialect is influenced by the period of the middle tone mix entering endings [-k] to entering endings [-p] retained, while in South Korea. Chinese characters preserving medieval entering endings [-k]. "fried" in the Hakka dialect is preserved medieval entering endings in South Korea [-p], sound in Chinese characters entering endings [-k] preserved. This can prove that since the middle of [-k] and [-p] entering endings in Korea Chinese characters sound intact conclusion is wrong.
Secondly, discusses the relationship between the Hakka dialect and Korean Chinese characters entering endings [-k] sound entering endings [-k] and zero form. The corresponding [-k] entering endings of the Hakka dialect in Korea Chinese characters sound entering endings [-k] because of Hakka dialect and Korean Chinese characters sound intact medieval [-k] entering endings; corresponding entering endings [-k] Hakka the zero form of Korean dialect tone is Chinese characters because these words are not entering endings in medieval times, South Korea is a reflection of the sound Chinese characters in ancient Chinese. The Hakka dialect may be affected by the northern language, a [-k] is entering endings entering characters.
Finally, discusses the Hakka dialects entering endings [-t] and South Korea Chinese characters sound of [-1] [-k], [-p], and the relationship between the zero form. The corresponding [-t] entering endings of the Hakka dialect in Korea Chinese characters sound of [-1] is because the Hakka dialect retains a medieval entering endings [-t], and explanations of the medieval entering endings in Korean Chinese characters [-t] sound in the form of [-1] retained a, but I think that is affected by external factors and internal factors. The external factor is the Chinese phonology had [-t][-1] change in a certain period, which in the Chinese dialect and the Naxi language are embodied; the internal factor is the characteristics of Korean [-1] is easier than [-t] send out.
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