基于课堂话语语料库的中级阶段外国留学生汉语语块习得研究

发布时间：2018-02-26 20:03

本文关键词： 对外汉语中级水平留学生语块习得偏误分析　出处：《南京师范大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：语块作为一个整体,通常是由多个词语构成的,它兼有语法和词汇的特征。对外汉语语块的教与学对词汇的习得有着重要的意义,直接影响到学习者的汉语学习。本文选取中级水平外国留学生一学年的听说课课堂话语语料,通过如实转写,将课堂话语转写成文本形式,对语料做了整理和数据统计。在分析前人汉语语块研究的基础上,给汉语语块进行界定及分类,运用数据统计分析、偏误分析等方法,对留学生课堂话语中所使用的语块情况,进行全面分析考察,并考察其所使用教材及新、老HSK大纲和留学生汉语考试大纲等。本文将外国留学生语块的使用情况与本族语者语块的使用情况进行对比分析,考察各类语块的使用数量及分布情况,进一步考察了留学生汉语语块的使用情况。通过数据的统计分析,本文发现：从20万字的中级水平留学生的中介语语料中共检索到了3980个语块用例,从各类语块的分布来看,留学生各类语块的使用比例相差较大,其中短语层面的语块使用数量多于句子层面语块的使用数量。而短语层面的固定短语语块所使用的数量最多,短语框架语块和句子框架语块的使用数量次之,固定句子语块使用数量最少。各类语块的多样性并不是很高,重复使用的数量较大,语块使用情况不是很丰富。总的来看,留学生语块使用的正确率较高,偏误用例率仅为4.6%。通过对留学生教材及各大纲的考察发现,留学生汉语语块偏误率较低很大程度上是由于课堂中大量语块输入的原因。而且通过对比留学生所用语块在教学大纲、考试大纲和所用教材中的出现情况可以看出,留学生所使用的语块在教材中的出现比例明显高于在教学大纲和考试大纲中出现的比例。可见,留学生语块的输出与教材的输入有很大的关系。最后,本文针对得出的以上结论,提出了一些相应的建议,在对外汉语教学中,教师要积极引导留学生注意文中出现的语块,增强学生语块意识,提倡语块教学。并且要加强语块的输入,重视语块的输出练习。在对外汉语教材中,要注重语块的重现率,使学生进一步熟悉所学语块,加深记忆,提高语言表达的连贯性和自动化程度。希望通过语块教学,进一步促进对外汉语教学的发展。
[Abstract]:As a whole, chunks are usually composed of multiple words, which have both grammatical and lexical characteristics. Teaching and learning Chinese chunks as a foreign language are of great significance to vocabulary acquisition. This paper selects the discourse corpus of the listening and speaking class of the foreign students at the intermediate level in a school year, and converts the classroom discourse into a text form through the truthful translation. On the basis of analyzing the previous researches on Chinese lexical chunks, the author defines and classifies Chinese chunks, and applies the methods of statistical analysis and error analysis to analyze the chunks used in the classroom discourse of foreign students. A comprehensive analysis of the use of textbooks, new, old HSK outline and the outline of the Chinese examination for foreign students, etc. This paper compares the use of foreign students' chunks with that of native speakers. The usage and distribution of various chunks are investigated, and the usage of Chinese chunks for foreign students is further investigated. Through the statistical analysis of the data, it is found that 3980 chunks use cases have been retrieved from the interlanguage data of 200,000 words of international students at the intermediate level. From the distribution of various chunks, the proportion of chunks used by foreign students is quite different. The number of phrases used at the phrase level is more than that at the sentence level, while the number of the fixed phrase chunks at the phrase level is the most, followed by the use of the phrase frame chunks and the sentence frame chunks. The number of fixed sentence chunks is the least. The diversity of all kinds of chunks is not very high, the number of repeated chunks is large, and the use of lexical chunks is not very rich. In general, the correct rate of using chunks of foreign students is higher. The error rate of use cases is only 4.6. Through the investigation of the teaching materials and the syllabus of foreign students, it is found that, The low error rate of Chinese chunks for foreign students is largely due to the large number of chunks input in the classroom. Furthermore, by comparing the occurrence of the lexical chunks in the syllabus, examination syllabus and textbooks used by foreign students, it can be seen that, The proportion of chunks used by foreign students in textbooks is obviously higher than that in syllabus and examination syllabus, which shows that there is a great relationship between the output of chunks and the input of textbooks. Finally, in view of the above conclusions, this paper puts forward some corresponding suggestions. In the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language, teachers should actively guide foreign students to pay attention to the chunks in the text and enhance the students' awareness of the chunks. In the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language, we should pay attention to the repetition rate of the chunks, so that the students can become more familiar with the chunks and deepen their memory. We hope to promote the development of Chinese as a foreign language teaching through chunk teaching.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H195.3

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