任务转换条件下平衡和非平衡双语者优势效应差异的ERP研究

发布时间：2018-02-27 10:36

本文关键词： 双语优势效应双语者任务转换内源性准备外源性调节　出处：《内蒙古师范大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：双语现象已成为世界普遍趋势，近十年关于双语的研究得到普遍关注。除了对双语者两种语言的理解、产生的研究外，研究者们逐渐开始热衷于双语者语言经验与执行功能的关系问题。已有研究发现，双语者在冲突解决、抑制控制等方面表现出优于单语者。日常生活中双语者在语言交流时存在语言转换，而在语言转换过程中往往需要执行功能的参与。那么，在语言中表现出来的双语优势是否在一般的任务转换中同样显示出优势效应。如果具有双语者优势效应，其具体来源及在任务转换操作过程中脑电生理活动特点是值得进一步考察和探寻的问题。基于上述目的，本研究开展了平衡双语者和非平衡双语者在任务切换过程中优势效应的研究，分别从行为学和脑电生理的水平进行了考察。实验一采用双线索任务转换范式，对比平衡双语者和非平衡双语者在语言任务和一般任务转换中是否存在差异，平衡双语者是否表现出语言或是任务转换的相关优势效应。实验二通过操纵线索到刺激间的时间间隔（CSI），考查双语者任务转换优势效应的来源，是否与内源性准备和外源性控制有关。实验三采用ERP技术，以D-Pos、N2和LPC为指标考察内源性准备和外源性调节的时间进程特点。研究表明：（1）平衡双语者在任务转换中优于非平衡双语者，表现出优势效应。（2）当CSI为0ms时，无法进行内源性准备，平衡双语者反应时快于非平衡双语者，但未达到显著性差异；当CSI为250ms时，可以进行内源性准备但无法完成，平衡双语者反应时明显快于非平衡双语者；当CSI为600ms时，内源性准备基本完成，平衡双语者反应时与非平衡双语者比较无显著性差异。（3）脑电成分分析表明，非平衡双语者线索锁时相关的正波D-Pos无论转换序列或重复序列，其平均波幅均比平衡双语者更正，说明非平衡双语者需要更多的心理资源进行准备。刺激出现后诱发的N2成分，无论转换序列或重复序列，非平衡双语者的平均波幅在额区比平衡双语者更负；而对于LPC，无论转换序列或重复序列，非平衡双语者的平均波幅比平衡双语者更正。总体而言，本实验研究结果说明平衡双语者由于日常生活中不断地转换语言，使得负责语言转换的机制或脑神经网络得到加强，，促进平衡双语者在同样需要这一机制或神经网络的任务转换中表现出优势效应。
[Abstract]:The phenomenon of bilingualism has become a universal trend in the world. In the last decade, the research on bilingualism has received widespread attention. Researchers are increasingly keen on the relationship between bilingual language experience and executive function. It has been found that bilinguals are involved in conflict resolution. Suppression control is superior to monolinguals. In daily life, bilingual people have language conversion in language communication, but in the process of language conversion, they often need to participate in executive functions. Whether the bilingual advantage shown in the language also shows the superiority effect in the general task transition. If there is a bilingualism advantage effect, Its specific source and the characteristics of electrophysiological activities during task switching are worthy of further investigation and exploration. For the above purpose, this study carried out a study on the dominant effects of balanced and non-balanced bilinguals in the task switching process, and investigated the behavioral and electrophysiological levels, respectively. In the first experiment, a two-clue task switching paradigm was used. Comparing the differences between balanced and unbalanced bilinguals in language task and general task conversion, In the second experiment, by manipulating the time interval between cues and stimuli, we examined the source of the dominant effect of task switching in bilingual subjects. Whether it is related to endogenous preparation and exogenous control. Experiment 3 uses ERP technique and D-Posn N2 and LPC as indicators to investigate the characteristics of the time course of endogenous preparation and exogenous regulation. 1) balanced bilinguals are superior to non-balanced bilinguals in task switching, showing a dominant effect. (2) when CSI was 0 Ms, endogenous preparation could not be carried out, and the reaction time of balanced bilinguals was faster than that of non-equilibrium bilinguals, but there was no significant difference, and when CSI was 250ms, endogenous preparations could be made but could not be completed. The response time of balanced bilinguals was significantly faster than that of non-equilibrium bilinguals, and when CSI was 600ms, endogenous preparation was basically completed, and there was no significant difference between balanced bilinguals and non-equilibrium bilinguals. (3) EEG composition analysis showed that the average amplitude of positive wave D-Pos in non-equilibrium bilinguals was higher than that in balanced bilinguals, regardless of the conversion sequence or repeat sequence. The results showed that the non-equilibrium bilinguals needed more psychological resources to prepare. The N _ 2 components induced by stimulation were more negative in the frontal region than those in the balanced bilinguals. For LPCs, the average amplitude of non-equilibrium bilinguals was higher than that of balanced bilinguals. In general, the results of this study show that the mechanism or neural network responsible for language conversion is enhanced by the continuous language conversion in the daily life of bilingual people. Promoting the balance of bilinguals also requires this mechanism or neural network in the task of switching shows a dominant effect.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：B842;H0-05

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