儿童识别和修复交际失败的实验研究

发布时间：2018-02-27 15:49

本文关键词： 交际失败识别修复加工努力交际效果　出处：《湖南大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 交际失败是日常交际中常见的一种现象。学者们主要从其产生原因及分类两方面对交际失败进行研究。值得注意的一点是中国大多数学者关注跨文化交际背景下的交际失败,也有一部分学者对文本中的交际失败进行分析,很少有学者从认知角度来研究交际失败,更少有人从儿童识别和修复交际失败方面做过实验研究。本文主要运用关联理论、会话含义理论,从微观角度进行分析,发现Baosco等人提出的交际失败分类可以涵盖所有可能的交际失败。因此本研究采用此分类方法,并通过实验方式对40个就读小学一年级的中国儿童完成识别和修复任务的情况进行分析,以期探讨中国儿童识别和修复不同交际类型的难度差异性如何。通过对实验数据配对样本T检验,其结果显示儿童在识别和修复三种类型交际失败(表达形式失败、话语理解失败、交际效果失败)时： (1)表达形式失败比话语理解失败要容易识别。如果交际效果失败以明确拒绝的方式表现出来,则在三种交际失败中最容易识别。但如果交际效果失败以隐含方式表现,其比表达形式失败更难识别,而和话语理解失败识别一样难识别。 (2)在表达形式失败中,不理解比误解容易识别；在话语理解失败中,不理解同样比误解容易识别。而在交际效果失败中,语步拒绝与提议拒绝识别难度相同。但直接拒绝比隐含拒绝容易识别。 (3)三种交际失败的修复难度逐一递减。交际效果失败最难修复,话语理解失败次之,表达形式失败最容易修复。 (4)表达形式失败与话语理解失败中的不理解与误解的修复难度相同。语步拒绝比提议拒绝更易修复。本研究对听话者在话语理解和反应的不同阶段产生的交际失败进行了分类,并通过实验发现中国儿童在识别和修复不同类型交际失败时表现的差异。本研究是中国首个对交际失败进行的实验研究,其实验结果可为中国儿童语言习得相关研究提供参考。
[Abstract]:Communication failure is a common phenomenon in daily communication. Scholars mainly study the causes and classification of communication failure. It is worth noting that most Chinese scholars pay attention to communication failure in the context of cross-cultural communication. There are also some scholars who analyze the communication failure in the text, few scholars study the communication failure from the cognitive point of view, and few have done the experimental research in the aspect of identifying and repairing the communication failure in children. Based on the conversational implicature theory, it is found that the classification of communication failure proposed by Baosco et al can cover all possible communication failures. And through the experimental analysis of 40 Chinese children in the first grade of primary school who have completed the task of identification and restoration, In order to explore the difference in the difficulty of identifying and repairing different types of communication in Chinese children, the results of T test of paired samples of experimental data show that children fail in identifying and repairing three types of communication (expression failure). When the utterance comprehension fails, the communicative effect fails. (1) failure in form of expression is easier to identify than failure in comprehension of utterance. If the failure of communicative effect is expressed in the form of explicit rejection, it is the most easily recognized among the three kinds of failure in communication. However, if the failure of communicative effect is expressed in an implicit way, It is more difficult to identify than expression failure, and as difficult as speech comprehension failure recognition. 2) in the failure of expression, it is easier to identify not to understand than to misunderstand; in the failure of discourse understanding, it is also easier to recognize not to understand than to misunderstand. The difficulty of step rejection is the same as that of proposal rejection, but direct rejection is easier to identify than implicit rejection. 3) the difficulty of repairing the three kinds of communication failure is decreasing one by one. The failure of communication effect is the most difficult to repair, the failure of discourse comprehension is the second, and the failure of expression form is the easiest to repair. 4) the failure of expression form is the same as the difficulty of repairing misunderstandings and misunderstandings in the failure of speech comprehension. The present study classifies the communicative failure of the hearer at different stages of discourse comprehension and response. The present study is the first Chinese experimental study of communication failure, and the results can be used as a reference for Chinese children's language acquisition research.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：H030

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