“非常”“异常”“格外”“分外”比较分析

发布时间：2018-02-28 02:15

本文关键词： 程度副词形容词语义句法语用　出处：《江西师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：“非常”、“异常”、“格外”、“分外”是现代汉语程度副词中使用频率较高的一组词。根据来源不同,我们把这组程度副词分成两类:“非常”、“异常”是由形容词性短语演变而来的程度副词;“格外”、“分外”是由名词和方位词“外”构成的短语演变而来的程度副词。一般情况下,它们可以互换使用,也不违法语法规则。但从语料考察中我们发现,这两组词在语义、句法、语用方面有着许多差异,甚至同一类型内部,在这三方面也存在着差异。本文从共时平面比较它们在现代汉语中语义、语法、语用方面的差异:(1)句法方面:本文从“非常”、“异常”、“格外”、“分外”修饰动词、修饰形容词、修饰名词、与否定词共现、修饰动宾短语、修饰联合短语、修饰连谓短语、修饰数量短语,以及与比较结构共现这几个方面的功能,对这四个词进行比较分析。发现这四个词在组合能力和充当句法功能的能力均有差异。(2)语义方面:语义的差异与句法位置的差异息息相关,本文对“非常”、“异常”、“格外”、“分外”在修饰一般动词、修饰名词、单独充当句法成分(主、谓、宾)、修饰联合短语、与比较结构共现中这四个词的程度副词义和形容词义之间的差异进行比较分析。发现它们在不同用法中表示不同的语义。(3)语用方面:本文从语体色彩、情感色彩、使用频率这三个方面比较分析“非常”、“异常”、“格外”、“分外”在语用方面的差异。其中“非常”倾向于口语中使用,而其他三个词倾向于书面语中使用。“异常”倾向于表示消极的情感色彩,而“非常”则倾向于表示积极的情感色彩,“格外”、“分外”没有明显的情感色彩倾向。使用频率上,“非常”在这四个词中站绝对优势。同时,本文从历时演变过程中去探究这些差异产生的原因。即现代汉语普通话中“非常”、“异常”、“格外”、“分外”的用法都是它们各自历史发展的产物,从历时的角度看,每一种用法的存在都有它的历史原因。
[Abstract]:"very", "unusual", "extra" and "extra" are a group of words used frequently in adverbs of degree in modern Chinese. We divide this set of degree adverbs into two categories: "extraordinary", "abnormal" is an adverb of degree derived from adjective phrases, "extra", "extra" is a degree adverb derived from phrases composed of nouns and locative words "outside". They can be used interchangeably and do not violate grammatical rules. However, we find from the corpus that there are many differences between the two groups in terms of semantics, syntax and pragmatics, even within the same type. There are also differences in these three aspects. This paper compares their semantic, grammatical and pragmatic differences in modern Chinese from the synchronic plane: from the aspects of "extraordinary", "abnormal", "exceptional", "extra" modifier verb, modifier adjective, Modifying nouns, co-occurrence with negative words, modifying verb-object phrases, modifying joint phrases, modifying connective phrases, modifying quantitative phrases, and co-existing with comparative structures. A comparative analysis of the four words shows that there are differences in the combination ability and the ability to act as syntactic functions in the four words: the semantic differences are closely related to the differences in syntactic positions. In this paper, "extraordinary", "abnormal", "exceptional", "extra" in modifying general verbs, modifying nouns, and acting alone as syntactic components (subject, predicate, object, modifier, modifier, etc.). The differences between the degree adverbs and adjective meanings of the four words in the comparative structure are compared and analyzed. It is found that they represent different semantics in different usages.) pragmatic aspects: this paper focuses on stylistic colors, affective colors, and affective colors. This paper makes a comparative analysis of the pragmatic differences between "very", "abnormal", "exceptional" and "extra" in the three aspects of frequency of use, in which "very" tends to be used in oral English. The other three words tend to be used in written language. "abnormal" tends to indicate negative emotional color, "very" tends to show positive emotional color, "extra" and "extra" have no obvious emotional color tendency. In terms of frequency of use, "very" has an absolute advantage in these four words. At the same time, This paper explores the causes of these differences in the course of diachronic evolution, that is, the usage of "extraordinary", "abnormal", "exceptional" and "extraordinary" in modern Chinese mandarin is the product of their respective historical development, and from a diachronic point of view, Every usage exists for a historical reason.
【学位授予单位】：江西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：H136

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