澳门粤语音系的历史变迁及其成因

发布时间：2018-02-28 06:19

本文关键词： 传教士文献澳门香山广州方言史　出处：《北京大学》2013年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：现代澳门粤语跟广州话(同香港粤语)的差异极少,广州话的语音系统只比澳门粤语多出一个上声和一个声化韵(η)。从地理位置上看,现代澳门粤语跟与其地域相连接的中山(石岐)粤语、珠海粤语相去较远,却与距离较远、地域不相连的广州相近,不免让人产生探究其历史成因的好奇心。澳门粤语凭着与广州话的高度相似,现代各种介绍粤语的著作均会把澳门粤语归入广州作代表的粤语广府片中。与澳门毗邻的珠海粤语(唐家湾)日母和疑母细音字可以带后鼻音声母(二ηi、月ηyt2)；没有u介音(瓜加。ka)；臻、曾、梗摄文读不分洪细一般只有一个元音(?)(真津。tsen、曾精tse(?))；遇合一疑母字混入通摄(误瓮uη)；声调只有6个(试事si、市史si)。这些都是广州话所不具备的特点。中山话介于珠海话与广州话之间,日母和疑母细音字可带后鼻声母(二ηi’)；有u介音,但收字范围比广州话要小(瓜。kwa、光。k(?)η)；臻摄字有两个主元音((?)、(?)),读(?)元音的字范围比广州话要小(津(?)tson、润j(?))；曾梗文读跟广州话一样区分洪细(曾tsen、精ts(?))；上去声不分阴阳(试事si’、市史(?)si)。因中山、珠海的很多特点在现代广州话里都不具备,于是从《珠江三角洲方言综述》(1990)开始,有些著作把原属于广府片的中山、珠海话独立成片,称为“香山片”。我们不同意香山片与广府片并立的分区方法,我们主张把香山片作为广府片的下一级来看待,称为“香山小片”,与香山小片同级的原广府片其他地方则称作“粤海小片”。翻查历史上的传教士文献,我们发现记录澳门粤语、中山粤语和广州话的文献数量不少。这些文献揭示两百多年来广州话语音的发展是自然演变,中山粤语的特色音类逐渐地受广州话侵蚀,澳门话则从典型的香山小片粤语(接近珠海话)变成近似广州话的粤语。本文的任务是通过对澳门、中山和广州三地的历史文献的整理,归纳各自语音发展史。最后总结、对比、分析澳门粤语在不同时期语音变化的成因。本文分六章,各章主要内容如下：第一章是前言,陈述澳门的人文概况和现代澳门话的归属,说明本文的选题意义以及所使用到的材料、方法。并提出典型香山小片的代表一一珠海唐家湾话。第二第三章是澳门粤语的现代与过去。前者全面描写现代澳门话的情况,包含新老派的异同,后面逐一上溯澳门话的历史文献,最后总结澳门语音变化轨迹。澳门粤语在19世纪变化很小,在20世纪前半段变化较大,20世纪后半段变化较小。第四章全面论述澳门的历史语音和中山、广州两地在历史上的联系,分四个时期分别比较三地的语音情况。分别是1860、1897、1941、1987四个时间段。经过层层对比后发现,1897年到1941年间是澳门粤语从香山型转变成广州型的关键时期。1897年澳门话仍然是典型的香山小片粤语,1941年就已经接近广州粤语了。第五章对中山、广州两地历史语音作全面陈述：首先是阐述中山粤语的现代与过去,先全面描述中山、珠海粤语的现代方言现状,然后上溯中山话的历史文献,最后总结中山粤语的语音变化轨迹。总的来说香山小片粤语两百年来的变化较小。与文献上的香山话对比,市中心石岐话变化稍大一点,而珠海唐家湾等地的语言几乎没什么变化。然后是阐述广州话的现代与过去,使用《分韵撮要》系列韵书和七种传教士材料全面归纳、分析广州话的语音发展史。总的来说广州话基本以自身演变为主,极少受外方言的影响。声母方面主要变化是两套齿音合并和日母消失,韵母方面主要是高元音裂化。第六章是阐述澳门语音变化成因。结合移民、传媒、历史等因素分析澳门各时期的变化的内因和外因。
[Abstract]:The modern Macao Cantonese and Guangzhou dialect (Cantonese and Hongkong) were few, the phonetic system of Guangzhou dialect than Cantonese in Macao more than a third and a sound rhyme (ETA). Geographically, modern Macao and its region connected with Cantonese (Zhongshan Shiqi) Zhuhai Cantonese, Cantonese. Far away, but with the geographical distance, with Guangzhou similar, can not help but make people explore the historical causes of curiosity.
Macao Cantonese is highly similar to that of Guangzhou dialect. All the modern works introducing Cantonese will be attributed to the Cantonese Cantonese, which is represented by Guangzhou as a representative of the Macao Cantonese.
Macao and adjacent Zhuhai Cantonese (Tang Jiawan) on the mother and the mother of suspected fine sound words can be after the nasal initials (two I, YT2; no u month) (plus.Ka) medials; Zhen, Zeng, stem photo paper read flood fine only one vowel (?) (Tianjin really.Tsen. Have fine TSE (?)); meeting a suspected mother mixed through perturbation (false urn u ETA); only 6 tones (try Si, the history of the city of Si). These are the features of Guangzhou dialect are not available.
Between the Zhongshan dialect between Zhuhai dialect and Guangzhou dialect, on mother and mother suspected with fine sound words after nasal consonants (two I "); u medials, but the word range is smaller than the Guangzhou dialect (melon.Kwa,.K (?) n); Zhen she word has two main vowels ((?), (?)), read (?) vowel word range is smaller than the Guangzhou dialect (Tianjin (?) TSON, run J (?)); Gengwen had read with Guangzhou dialect as distinguished (formerly Tsen, fine fine Hong TS (?)); Yin and Yang (try not to sound Si," the history of the city (?) Si).
Because Zhongshan, Zhuhai does not have many features in the modern Guangzhou dialect, so from the "Pearl River Delta dialect Survey (1990) >, some of the original copyright belongs to the Cantonese films of Zhongshan, Zhuhai independent films, called" Xiangshan ". We do not agree with the partition method of Xiangshan tablets and Guangdong tablets independent, we advocate the Xiangshan as Cantonese piece next to look at, called" Xiangshan, Xiangshan and small "small pieces of the original Cantonese tablets in other places called" Guangdong small ".
Check the history of missionary literature, we found that the record of Macao Cantonese, the number of Zhongshan Cantonese and Guangzhou dialect. Many of these documents reveal the development of two hundred years of Guangzhou dialect is a natural evolution, the characteristics of Zhongshan Cantonese phonetic gradually by Guangzhou dialect words from erosion, Macao Xiangshan small typical Cantonese (close to Zhuhai words of Guangzhou dialect) into approximate Cantonese.
The task of this paper is to summarize the history of voice development through sorting out the historical documents of three places in Macao, Zhongshan and Guangzhou. Finally, we conclude and compare the causes of voice change in Macao Cantonese at different periods. The paper is divided into six chapters, the main contents of each chapter are as follows:
The first chapter is a preface, presenting the general situation of Macao's humanities and the attribution of modern Macao dialect, explaining the significance of this topic and the materials and methods used, and presenting the representative of Xiangshan small piece, Zhuhai Tangjia Bay dialect.
The third chapter is the second Macao Cantonese in the past and modern. The former describes modern Macao dialect, the similarities and differences between new and old contains the words one by one behind the back Macao historical literature, finally summarizes the Macao speech change trajectory. Macao Cantonese very small changes in nineteenth Century, in the first half of twentieth Century changed greatly, the second half of the twentieth Century little change.
The fourth chapter discusses the history of speech in Macao and Zhongshan, Guangzhou in history, is divided into four periods respectively three. The speech is respectively 1860189719411987 four time. After comparison found that from 1897 to 1941, Macao is changing from Xiangshan type.1897 into Cantonese in Guangzhou during the period of the year key Macao dialect is still a typical piece of Xiangshan Cantonese, 1941 has been close to the Guangzhou Cantonese.
The fifth chapter makes a comprehensive statement on the historical phonetics of Zhongshan and Guangzhou.
The first is that the Zhongshan Cantonese past and modern, the first comprehensive description of Zhongshan dialect in Zhuhai, modern Cantonese, Zhongshan dialect and then traced the history of literature, finally summarizes the phonological change trajectory of Cantonese in Zhongshan. The whole piece of Xiangshan Cantonese two hundred years changed little. Compared with the literature on the Xiangshan, downtown Shi Qi words change a little bigger, while Zhuhai Tangjiawan, hardly what language changes.
And then explains the past and modern Guangzhou dialect, use the < > series of books of branch summary and seven kinds of missionary material comprehensively summarized, analyzed the development history of Guangzhou dialect speech. Generally speaking Guangzhou dialect with its basic evolution, are rarely influenced by external dialects. Major changes are two sets of dental consonants merged and rimu disappear, vowel is mainly high vowel cracking.
The sixth chapter is to explain the causes of the phonetic changes in Macao and to analyze the internal and external causes of the changes in various periods of Macao, combining with the factors of immigration, media and history.

【学位授予单位】：北京大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H178

【参考文献】