今古文《尚书》复音单纯词研究

发布时间：2018-03-03 00:19

本文选题：今文《尚书》　切入点：古文《尚书》　出处：《扬州大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：专书词汇研究是构建汉语词汇史框架的重要基础,深入研究汉语词汇发展史,需要首先进行专书的词汇研究。《尚书》是我国最早的一部历史文献汇编,儒家将其尊为“群经之首”。它与甲骨文、金文属同一时期的语言材料,是研究上古汉语词汇的珍贵语料。古文《尚书》是今文《尚书》的重要补充,有很高的史料价值。本文将今文《尚书》与古文《尚书》一并作为研究文本,对复音单纯词进行穷尽性的语料统计和系统的描写,对复音单纯词的特点和发展规律进行归纳总结,力求为今古文《尚书》词汇研究拓展新的辖域,为汉语词汇史的研究提供新的语料和理论参考。今古文《尚书》复音词单纯词可以分为三类：联绵词、重言词和附音词。今古文《尚书》凡18个联绵词,其中动词联绵词数量最多。论文从“词义单一”、“字形多样”和“声、韵、调相关”三个方面对今古文《尚书》的联绵词逐一进行考证和训解,探讨联绵词的特性,力求勾勒今古文《尚书》中联绵词的语言面貌,演绎其个性特征。本文提出“单纯重言词”的概念,将其与“合成重言词”对举。文章对今古文《尚书》同形叠音语言现象研究的路径为：收集同形叠音语料→剔除词组(短语)→剔除合成重言词,析出单纯重言词→对单纯重言词进行分析,通过这样逐层筛选、考辩、分析、获得目标语料的过程,全面、详细地认识今古文《尚书》中的重言词的全貌,获取准确的单纯词语料,并对单纯重言词的词汇性质、语义特点和语用功能进分析。今古文《尚书》中的具有同形叠音特征的语料共54个,其中单纯重言词15个,它们具有数量少、能产性低、语义单一、词性单一四个特点。今古文《尚书》没有后附音节的附音词,只有以“有”字作为前附音节的“有字式”附音词。“有”字式附音词共计47个,97见,其中名词数量最多,形容词和动词极少。“有”字只是一个附着音节,起到补足音节的作用,用与不用不改变词性词义,在句法功能方面也不产生任何影响。今古文《尚书》复音单纯词在词类词性构成上既有共性特征又有个性特点。今文《尚书》复音单纯词在构成与词性分布方面的(数量)情况是：附音词联绵词单纯重言词,名词动词形容词；古文《尚书》复音单纯词在构成和词性分布方面是：附音词单纯重言词联绵词,名词形容词动词。古文《尚书》与今文《尚书》的对比结果显示,古文《尚书》中复音单纯词的数量少,使用频率极低,词性分布极不平衡。今古文《尚书》复音单纯词的这些发展变化,表明语音构词法能产力低,产生的复音单纯词生命力弱。汉语词汇复音化需要符合汉语发展规律和基本原则。本文研究方法：对各小类单纯词的古今概念异同进行梳理,运用现代语言学知识明确界定复音单纯词；穷尽性地统计语例,采取定量分析和定性分析法对今古文《尚书》中的复音单纯词进行分析；运用分析与比较相结合、描写与解释相结合的方法,对语例进行详细的考证与辨析,归纳出单纯词的特点与属性；运用历时比较的方法找出词汇变化发展的规律。此外,本文还运用了图表法对统计结果进行对比说明。
[Abstract]:Vocabulary study of special book history of Chinese vocabulary is an important foundation to build a framework, in-depth study of the history of Chinese vocabulary, need a book to study words. Shangshu is a compilation of historical documents on China's earliest Confucian, its respect for the group after the first. It is the same with Oracle, Jin Wen a period of language materials, is a precious corpus study of ancient Chinese vocabulary. Ancient Chinese prose is an important supplement to this < Shangshu > > < Shangshu, has a very high historical value. The < > and < Shangshu Jinwen Shangshu > ancient as well as research text, corpus statistics and system exhaustive description of polysyllabic words and the characteristics and rules of development of the disyllabic words are summarized, seeks to expand the scope of new to this ancient book < > vocabulary research, provide new data and theoretical reference for the study of the history of Chinese vocabulary.
This ancient book < > polysyllabic words chanchunci can be divided into three categories: binome words, words and tone words of tautology.
This ancient book of < > where 18 binome words, of which the number of verb binome words most. From the "single meaning", "" diversity "and" sound, rhyme and tone "three aspects of this ancient book < > binome words one by one research and training solutions, to explore the characteristics of binome words, force for the outline of this ancient language in the word > < Shang Mian, interpretation of their individual characteristics.
This paper proposes a concept of "pure reduplicated words", and "the synthesis of reduplicated words" to give. The path of this ancient book with < > type of language phenomenon study: collect the same form, excluding the phrase corpus type (phrases), excluding the synthesis of reduplicated words, simple words, precipitation of pure tautology reduplicated word, through this filter, debate, analysis, process, target language comprehensive, detailed understanding of this ancient book of < > reduplicated words of picture, get accurate and simple material words, lexical properties of simple reduplicated words, semantic features and pragmatic functions in this ancient analysis. "Has the same shape > Book features a total of 54 type of data, including simple reduplicated words 15, they have less amount of productivity is low, the single semantic, single POS four characteristics.
This ancient book without words of < > attached syllable, only to have "as of syllable" word "of words." "in the words of a total of 47 words, 97, of which the largest number of nouns, adjectives and verbs are rare." "just an attachment to complement syllables, syllables, and do not change the part of speech meaning, also do not have any effect on the syntactic function.
This ancient book < > chanchunci and personality characteristics in the polysyllabic lexical category part of speech similarities. This book < distribution and POS > polysyllabic words in the composition (quantity) is attached words binomes pure reduplicated words, nouns and verbs and adjectives; ancient words in Shangshu > < disyllabic and POS the distribution is of sound words simply repeated words binome words, noun adjective verb. < > and comparison of ancient Shu Jinwen Shangshu > < the results show that the number of < > in ancient Shang polysyllabic simple words of less, use frequency is very low, POS distribution is extremely. This ancient book < > the development of polysyllabic words that voice changes, word formation productivity is low, the weak vitality. Disyllabic Chinese vocabulary words need to conform to the law of the development of Chinese language and basic principles.
This research method: the similarities and differences of ancient and modern concept of different types of single morpheme words out, using modern linguistic knowledge to clearly define the disyllabic single morpheme words exhaustive statistics; language cases, adopt quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis of this ancient book in polysyllabic words < > analysis; application analysis combined with the method of combining description and comparison. Explain, to analysis and Research on the detailed examples, summarizes the features and attributes of simple words; by using the method of comparison to find out the rules of the development of vocabulary change. In addition, the paper also uses the method of chart statistical results were compared.

【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H13

【参考文献】