现代汉语“不是N的N”构式研究

发布时间：2018-03-04 11:40

本文选题：不是N的N　切入点：构式　出处：《扬州大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文的研究对象是现代汉语中的一个结构“不是N的N”。本文从“构式语法”的角度对该结构进行描写与解释,试图从结构、语义、功能三个角度对“不是N的N”进行分析,得出进入该结构“N”的限制条件,并尝试从认知、隐喻和语用的角度对“不是N的N”结构的形成做出解释。首先,对“不是N的N”的结构组成成分进行分析,从结构的非可派生性、结构的非可推性及结构的相对固定性三个方面对结构“不是N的N”进行构式判定,并根据语境归纳出“不是N的N”的构式义为：无N之名,有N之实。本文对进入结构的“N”从音节、结构类型和语义角度进行了分类。将“N”按照音节分类,可进入该结构的“N”的类别有：单音节名词、双音节名词和多音节名词,其中,双音节名词占优。将“N”按结构类型分类,可进入该结构的“N”的主要类型有：偏正结构、联合结构。将“N”按照语义分类,可进入结构的“N”类别有：抽象名词、歧义名词、称谓名词、集合名词、同义名词和身体器官名词。6类中,抽象名词和歧义名词进入“不是N的N”占优。本文还将“不是N的N”与相关结构进行了简要对比。其次,本文从句法和语义角度对结构“不是N的N”进行了分析。从句法角度看,“不是N的N”在旬中担任主语和宾语。其中,结构作宾语占优势。该结构也可单独作标题。“不是N的N”可进入的旬类有：陈述句、问句和感叹句。结构中两个N意义范畴不同。“N1”是指N的外延义,“N2”指N的内涵义。两个N的指称义也不同,N1是有指性的。N2是无指性的。“不是N的N”结构本身具有主观性、非典型义、强调性和模糊性等语义特征。最后,从认知、隐喻和语用的角度对构式“不是N的N”的成因进行分析。从认知角度来看,人类对于“不是N的N”的认知依赖于人类自身对于“N”的认知。“不是N的N”含有比较义,因此具有一定的隐喻功能。这种隐喻功能符合人对事物的认知,是对人类思维的一种印证,也是语义和语法的互竞的结果。构式与语用关系紧密,语用也是“不是N的N”结构形成的原因之一。“不是N的N”符合语用中的语言的经济性、语言的主观性和言语创新的需要。本文从形式出发着重对意义进行探究,从结构出发着重对功能进行考察。同时,结合多种理论,从多个角度对结构进行考察。本文对结构“不是N的N”做出了较为系统、全面的总结,希望通过本文能加深对现代汉语中一些固定结构的认识。
[Abstract]:The research object of this paper is a structure "not N of N" in modern Chinese. This paper describes and interprets the structure from the angle of "construction grammar", and attempts to analyze "N not of N" from three angles of structure, semantics and function. The restrictive conditions of entering the structure "N" are obtained, and the formation of "not N of N" structure is explained from cognitive, metaphorical and pragmatic perspectives. First of all, the structural composition of "N is not N" is analyzed, and the structure "N is not N" is determined from three aspects: the non-distributive nature of the structure, the non-pushability of the structure and the relative fixation of the structure. The construction meaning of "N is not N" is summed up according to the context: "N" has the name of "N" and "N" is true. "N" is classified in terms of syllable, structural type and semantics. "N" is classified according to syllable, and "N" is classified according to syllable. The categories of "N" that can enter the structure are: monosyllabic nouns, disyllabic nouns and polysyllabic nouns, of which the disyllabic nouns are dominant. Joint structure. The categories of "N" that can be entered into the structure by semantic classification are: abstract nouns, ambiguous nouns, appellation nouns, collective nouns, synonymous nouns and body organs noun classes .6, Abstract nouns and ambiguous nouns are predominated by "N is not N". This paper also briefly compares "N not N" with related structures. Secondly, this paper analyzes the structure "N is not N" from syntactic and semantic angles. From the syntactic point of view, "N not N" acts as subject and object in ten days. Structure is the dominant object. The structure can also be used as a separate title. "N other than N" can be entered into the following categories: declarative sentences, Questions and exclamatory sentences. Two N meaning categories are different in structure. "N1" refers to the denotation of N, "N2" refers to the connotative meaning of N, and the referential meanings of two N are also different. N1 is referential. N2 is apocalyptic. The "N not N" structure itself is subjective. Semantic features such as atypical meaning, emphasis and fuzziness. Finally, from the cognitive, metaphorical and pragmatic perspectives, the causes of the construction of "not N" are analyzed. Human cognition of "N is not N" depends on the cognition of "N". "N is not N" has comparative meaning, so it has a certain metaphorical function. This metaphorical function accords with human cognition of things. Construction is closely related to pragmatics, and pragmatics is one of the reasons for the formation of "not N's N" structure. "not N's N" conforms to the economy of language in pragmatics. The subjectivity of language and the need of language innovation. This paper explores meaning from form and function from structure. At the same time, combined with various theories, it examines structure from many angles. This paper makes a systematic study on structure "N is not N". A comprehensive summary, I hope this paper can deepen the understanding of some fixed structures in modern Chinese.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146

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