中英存现动词的非宾格性研究

发布时间：2018-03-05 09:53

本文选题：存现动词　切入点：非宾格假设　出处：《中南大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：非宾格假设以关系语法为基础,将传统语法意义上的不及物动词进一步分为非宾格动词和非作格动词。虽然两者都只有一个论元,且其唯一的论元通常都出现在动词的前面位置充当句子的表层结构主语,但两类动词的深层结构及论元的深层逻辑语义关系并不相同,非宾格动词的终极主语为其起始直接宾语,即表层结构中的主语是深层结构中的逻辑宾语,而非作格动词的终极主语是其起始主语,即表层结构中的主语也就是深层结构中的主语。非宾格动词主要出现在存现句中。此外,被动句由于只能有一个论元,也可归为非宾格动词。本文主要探讨英汉语中存现句中非宾格动词的赋格问题,特别是汉语中保留宾语的句法本质问题。本文首先结合相关语言事实,在转换生成语法框架内,特别是在最简方案平台上分析了与非宾格假设的相关理论假设和句法操作技术,包括转换生成语法的哲学承诺、论旨理论、格理论、论元结构、合并和特征核查等。本文第二章详细分析了存现句和非宾格假设。英语存现句的基本形式为there be和方所倒装结构,而汉语中的存现句主要有方所倒装结构,以及部分由系动词“是”表现存在的结构。存现句的定指效应实际是对语言不充分观察的基础上的一个结论,存现句的事件结构与非宾格假设有一定的相关性,但其句法操作和赋格问题并没有得到完满的解释。本章还详细讨论了非宾格动词的句法性质,提出了综合诊断语言中的非宾格动词。第三章讨论汉语非宾格动词中的保留宾语问题。在充分观察保留宾语的基础上,我们详细分析了现有分析模式的优势和缺陷。我们接受了移位假说,并认为在移位之前的两个[DP]构成一个小句结构。其赋格在移位之前已经完成,而移位的原因是结构稳定性和拼读。由于两个[DP]在同一句法层次,导致结构不稳定；且两个同一层次的[DP]违反了识别原则,从而不能在PF层面实行拼读。我们的分析模式比以前各模式更有解释力和概括力,并有力地解释了担当小句主语的[DP]不能移位。
[Abstract]:On the basis of relational grammar, the unobjectivity hypothesis further divides intransitive verbs in the traditional grammatical sense into unobjective verbs and non-ergative verbs, although both of them have only one argument. The only argument usually appears in the front of the verb as the surface structure subject of the sentence, but the deep structure of the two kinds of verbs and the deep logical semantic relation of the argument are not the same. The ultimate subject of a non-objective verb is its starting direct object, that is, the subject in the surface structure is the logical object in the deep structure, but the final subject of the non-case verb is its starting subject. That is, the subject in the surface structure is the subject in the deep structure. The non-object verb mainly appears in the existential sentence. In addition, the passive sentence can only have one argument, This paper mainly discusses the fugue of non-object verbs in the existential sentences in English and Chinese, especially the syntactic essence of retaining objects in Chinese. Based on the relevant linguistic facts, this paper first analyzes the relevant theoretical assumptions and syntactic manipulation techniques, including the philosophical commitment of transformational generative grammar, within the framework of transformational generative grammar, especially on the platform of the simplest scheme. Theory of tenor, lattice theory, argument element structure, merging and feature checking, etc. In the second chapter, we analyze the existential sentence and the non-objective hypothesis in detail. The basic form of the existential sentence in English is there be and square inverted structure, while in Chinese the existential sentence mainly consists of square inverted structure. In fact, the definite effect of existential sentence is a conclusion based on insufficient observation of language. The event structure of existential sentence is related to the supposition of unobjective case. However, the syntactic manipulation and fugue problems have not been fully explained. This chapter also discusses the syntactic properties of non-object verbs in detail, and puts forward the non-object verbs in Synthetical Diagnostic language. In chapter three, we discuss the problem of reserved objects in Chinese unobjectivistic verbs. On the basis of fully observing the reserved objects, we analyze in detail the advantages and disadvantages of the existing analytical models, and we accept the shift hypothesis. It is considered that the two [DP] before the shift constitute a clause structure, whose fugue has been completed before the shift, and the reason of the shift is structural stability and spelling. The two [DP] are in the same syntactic level, which leads to the structural instability. Moreover, two [DP] at the same level violate the recognition principle, so we can not spell it at PF level. Our analytical model is more explanatory and generalizable than the previous models, and it can explain that [DP], which acts as the subject of clauses, can not be shifted.
【学位授予单位】：中南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H314;H146

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