“谁知道”的语篇分析

发布时间：2018-03-05 11:07

本文选题：谁知道　切入点：性质　出处：《山东师范大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：表示“不料、没想到”之意的转折关系词语“谁知道”是现代汉语中经常出现和使用的词语之一。通过对大量例句的分析，我们发现“谁知道”不仅能够表示单纯的“出乎意料”的转折关系，还能够表达丰富多样的语义内容和主观情感。前人对于“谁知道”的研究，表现在性质和功能两个方面。在“谁知道”性质的界定上，学界出现分歧，有的将其归为短语，有的视为短语词；在“谁知道”的功能上，前人的研究方向主要体现在对“谁知道”四个语义在共时平面的对比研究和历时平面的发展过程研究，以及少量的从话语标记角度进行的研究。专门针对表示“不料、没想到”这层意义的“谁知道”在共时平面的表现形式、语义、语用等方面的系统研究却很少，这就为我们提供了充分的研究空间。本文力图运用三个平面、篇章语言学等理论，在语篇的背景之下，对“谁知道”的性质、表现形式、语义和语用等方面进行深入的研究和分析。本文一共分为五部分：绪论部分首先提出本文的选题目的和意义，然后介绍关于“谁知道”及相关理论如转折关系词语、篇章连接成分等的研究现状，最后说明本文所使用的研究理论和方法以及语料来源。第一章主要分析“谁知道”的性质。首先总结前人的观点，指出其中存在的分歧，然后对这几个分歧进行分析。我们分别从短语词、连词与副词的区别以及关联词语与插入语的区别这几个角度来探讨，最终得出结论：“谁知道”是一个表示转折关系的连词性的短语词。第二章主要分析“谁知道”的表现形式。我们从“谁知道”衔接的语言单位和它的衔接方式两个方面来进行阐述。“谁知道”可以衔接分句组成复句、衔接句子组成句群以及衔接段落组成篇章。它既可以在语篇中单独使用，也可以与其他相关词语共同出现。在单独使用时，它既可以连接具有对立性和背逆性的前后语段，又可以放在没有转折关系的语段之间，来体现“意外、吃惊”的主观化的情感态度。“谁知道”能够与“可、竟、居然、反而、忽然、一"刚……就”等词语共现。第三章主要分析“谁知道”的语义模式。首先分析“谁知道”在语篇中的四种主要的语义结构模式，包括其完整形式和减缩形式两方面。其次对“谁知道”的后项在语义特征和感情色彩上进行探讨，得出其语义特征可以表现为[+转折]、[+意外]、[-可控]三种。第四章主要分析“谁知道”的语用功能。“谁知道”的语用功能主要有四个，，分别是：指明预设的功能，突出焦点的功能，体现话题的转换或延续的功能以及特定的预示功能。“谁知道”语用功能的出现，正是基于其表转折关系的语义内涵。由于“谁知道”的前后项在语义上的相反对立，使得我们可以在内容和主观情感上做出推断，明确整个语段的语义重心所在，进而实现主题上的统一。
[Abstract]:"who knows" is one of the most common words in modern Chinese. We find that "who knows" can not only represent a simple "unexpected" turning point, but also express a variety of semantic content and subjective feelings. The former research on "who knows" is manifested in two aspects: nature and function. There are differences in the definition of "who knows" nature, some of them are classified as phrases, others are regarded as phrasal words, and in the function of "who knows", there are differences in the definition of the nature of "who knows". The previous research directions are mainly reflected in the comparative study of the four semantics of "who knows" in the synchronic plane and the study of the development process of the diachronic plane, as well as a few studies from the perspective of discourse markers. To my surprise, "who knows" in this sense has little systematic research on the form of expression, semantics, pragmatics and so on in the synchronic plane, which provides us with sufficient research space. Based on the theories of three planes, textual linguistics and so on, this paper tries to make an in-depth study and analysis of the nature, expression, semantics and pragmatics of "who knows" under the background of discourse. This paper is divided into five parts:. The introduction part first puts forward the purpose and significance of this paper, and then introduces the research status of "who knows" and related theories, such as the words of turning relation, the text connective elements, etc. Finally, the research theory and method used in this paper and the source of the corpus are explained. The first chapter mainly analyzes the nature of "who knows". Firstly, the author summarizes the previous views, points out the differences, and then analyzes these differences. The differences between conjunctions and adverbs and the differences between associative words and inserts are discussed. Finally, it is concluded that "who knows" is a conjunctive phrasal word with a turning relationship. The second chapter mainly analyzes the expression form of "who knows". We expound from two aspects: "who knows" the language unit of cohesion and its cohesive mode. "who knows" can make up complex sentence of cohesive clause. Cohesive sentences form sentence groups and cohesive paragraphs make up texts. It can be used either alone or in conjunction with other related words. "who knows" can be with "can, unexpectedly, unexpectedly, but, on the contrary, suddenly, a" strong. "and so on. The third chapter mainly analyzes the semantic patterns of "who knows", first of all, it analyzes the four main semantic structural patterns of "who know" in the discourse. It includes two aspects: complete form and reduction form. Secondly, the semantic features of "who knows" in semantic features and emotional colors are discussed, and it is concluded that the semantic features can be shown as "turning point", [unexpected], [-controllable]. Chapter 4th mainly analyzes the pragmatic functions of "who knows". There are four main pragmatic functions of "who know", namely, the function of pointing out the presupposition and the function of highlighting the focus. The appearance of the pragmatic function of "who knows" is based on the semantic connotation of the transition relation. Because of the opposite semantic opposition between the items before and after "who knows", So that we can infer the content and subjective emotion, clarify the semantic focus of the whole segment, and then realize the unity of the subject.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146

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