汉语结果补语与泰语对应形式的对比研究

发布时间：2018-03-10 03:04

本文选题：结果补语　切入点：泰语　出处：《北京大学》2013年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文最终想得出来的结果是针对泰国学习者的汉语结果补语教学的有效参考。为此，论文的工作步骤分成3个：1)在泰语语法体系中找出泰语表达结果意义的成分是什么；2)从性质、结构、搭配等3个角度进行汉泰表达结果意义成分的对比分析；3)给目前泰国学习者存在的结果补语的使用问题提供解决的建议和意见。每个工作步骤依如下操作：任务一，对泰语语法著作、学术论文、文章的研究成果进行综述与分析，即第四章的内容；任务二：基于Chang(2001)的5种汉语动结式类型进行汉泰句式对比研究，即第五章的内容，基于周芳（2006)的充当结果补语的动词和形容词的研究成果深入进行汉泰词语搭配的对比研究，以两种语言所搭配的相同、相近、相异等三种情况作为对比的主要思路（第六章的内容）；任务三：从本文所得出的研究成果，对目前存在的结果补语偏误问题进行分析，并提供解决的建议和意见，以便做出针对泰国学习者的结果补语教学建议（第七章的内容）。本文的研究成果共有3个方面，即：汉语结果补语与其泰语对应形式的性质、结构、搭配对应等，研究发现： 1)汉语结果补语在泰语中的对应形式是无标记的连动结构和有标记的复合句。 2)汉语结果补语可以用本项研究基于事件结构的构式提出的“根基结构”对应，作为汉语结果补语句的泰语对应句式。 3)限于周芳（2006)提出的28个搭配频率高的补语词的范畴里，将其分为一级词语9个，二级词语19个，并进行对比分析得知，汉语和泰语有6个补语词是汉泰能一对一的对应（属于汉泰词语相同的类型）；有14个补语词是属于汉泰词语相近的类型，这个类型不能只用一个泰语词来对应，但是其每个对应词语都有具体的规律；有8个补语词的搭配没有明确的泰语对应，必须根据泰语词语的搭配限制进行选词（属于相异的类型）。汉泰词语搭配相异的类型除了上述8个词语之外，还有一些属于词语型搭配的动结式在泰语里有不同的对应方法，，即有的是词语型翻译（泰语用一个词对应），有的是结构型翻译（泰语还保留主动词和结果动词的搭配结构）。相异的类型也有汉语的动补搭配不存在于泰语的搭配的情况，也有泰语一个词语能对应几个汉语补语词的情况。本文认为最有可能会给泰国学习者带来使用问题的只有汉泰多对一的情况而已，即相异类型的最后一类情况，因为学习者很难辨别选用哪一汉语词语才合适。汉泰一对多的情况只能给学习者带来一些理解问题，但是可能不会带来太多产出方面的问题。汉泰多对一的情况，虽然学习者很容易理解，但是可能有回避和依赖的问题。总结了现有的研究成果之后，本文建议针对泰国学习者进的结果补语的教学应该用“事件的根基结构模式”作为结果补语的教学工具，其教学步骤为以下3步：1)如何设置一个事件的根基结构模式；2)如何省略重复的成分；3)如何组成汉语的句子。
[Abstract]:The results of this final Xiangdechulai is in Thailand learning Chinese result complement teaching effective reference. Therefore, the thesis is divided into 3 steps: 1) to find out what is the significance of the components in the expression of the Thai Thai grammar system; 2) from the nature, structure, and compares the results of the expression of meaning components 3 point collocation; 3) to use the Thailand learner existence result complement to provide suggestions and opinions. Each step of work according to the following: task one of Thai grammar books, academic papers, analyses and summarizes the research results of the article, the fourth chapter two: Based on the task; Chang (2001) of the 5 Chinese Resultative types a contrastive study of sentence patterns, namely the fifth chapter, based on Zhou Fang (2006) as the result of complement verbs and adjectives word in-depth research results Comparative study of Chinese and Thai collocation, in two languages have the same collocation, similar to different three conditions as the main idea of the comparison (the sixth chapter); task three: research results drawn from the paper, complement the existing results errors were analyzed, and provide solutions and in order to make comments, for Thailand learners result complement teaching suggestions (the seventh chapter).
In this paper, there are 3 aspects of the research, that is, the nature, structure and collocation of the complement of Chinese results with the corresponding forms of Thai.
1) the corresponding forms of Chinese result complement in Thai are unmarked continuous structure and marked compound sentence.
2) Chinese resultant complements can be used in the research based on the structure of event structure, which is a corresponding sentence pattern in Chinese as a complement sentence in Chinese.
3) to Zhou Fang (2006) 28 high frequency collocation complement words proposed by category, which is divided into a level 9 level two words, 19 words, and analyzed that the Chinese and Thai 6 words is a complement to one to one correspondence (which belongs to the type of words in Chinese and Thai the same 14); complement words belong to type this type of Thai words that are similar, not only a Thai word corresponding to each of its corresponding words, but there are specific rules; there are 8 complement collocation no clear Thai correspondence, must be based on the collocation of Thai words limit words (type belong to different). Different types of Chinese and Thai collocation in addition to these 8 words, there are some words belonging to the type collocation of the VRC corresponding different methods in Thai language, namely some words (Thai translation with a word, some type of tipping structure) Translation (Thai also preserves the collocation structure of active words and result verbs). There are different types of verb complement in Chinese, which do not exist in Thai collocation, and Thai words can correspond to several Chinese complement words.
This paper argues that the most likely to give Thailand learners bring problems using only Hantado for a situation only, namely the different types of the last class, because learning is difficult to discern which one Chinese word is appropriate. A one to many situation can only bring some understanding of the problem, but may not bring too many output problems. Hantado on the situation, although the learners are easy to understand, but there may be avoided and dependent.
After summarizing the existing research results, this paper proposed for Thailand learners results complement teaching should be "structure mode" event as a result complement teaching tool, its teaching steps into the following 3 steps: 1) the foundation of how to set up a structure model of event type; 2) to omit redundant components 3); how to form Chinese sentences.

【学位授予单位】：北京大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H195

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