最简方案下汉语动结结构研究

发布时间：2018-03-13 19:23

本文选题：V-V结构　切入点：V-De结构　出处：《河南师范大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：汉语动结结构通常是指一个句子中包含两个动词,其中第一个动词是行为动词或者是状态动词，第二个动词则是由第一个动词所产生的结果或影响的结果动词。该结构可以分为三类：V-V结构，V-De结构和名词-V-名词-V结构。该分类中前两项属于现代汉语范畴，也是本文的研究主题；而第三项只出现在古代汉语中，本文不涉及其研究。汉语动结结构成为研究热点的原因在于：该结构违反了Chomsky在管约论中提出的论旨准则，但该句子却是可接受的。为了合理地解释此现象，本文作者从生成语言学的角度出发，在最简方案框架下对V-V结构和V-De结构进行了分析，并发现两者可以用同一理论来阐释。本文旨在从最简方案框架下给汉语动结结构一个合理的句法解释。在分析中，作者利用vP嵌套理论来诠释该结构的生成，同时介绍了该结构中“了”的一些特征。作者认为汉语属于体标记语言，句中要出现表示体特征的汉字，如“着、了、过”，而在动结结构中只有表完成的体标记“了”出现。作者就此结构中“了”的位置和显隐性作出了解释。即：在V-V结构中，“了”可以在词尾亦可在句尾，但必须是显性存在；而在V-De结构中，“了”必须出现在句尾，在一定条件下其可隐性存在。在对V-V结构的分析中，作者采用了Chomsky的vP嵌套理论将V1看作轻动词，并且指出该动词除了具有[EPP]特征外，还具有强的使役特征，吸引V2嫁接到该位置。而句中体标记“了”的强的体特征又吸引整个V1（即V1-V2）嫁接到其位置；“了”的[EPP]特征又吸引最近的名词短语占据其指示语位置，句中名词的主格和宾格分别由体标记“了”和轻动词v来赋值，在各项特征被核查、赋值之后，，该结构完成其句法生成。在V-De结构的分析中，作者同样采用vP嵌套理论将“得”看作轻动词，通过观察“得”的句法演变，本文认为“得”除了表结果意义外，还具有完成体的特征且不能和任何体标记连用，所以需要把“得”拷贝到体的位置完成投射。V-De结构中包含两个阶段的生成：补语和整个结构。文中作者将“得”后的补语看作完整的体投射，特征核查后其中的任何成分都不能移出；然后同样的方式生成整个句子。当该结构中的名词被赋值、各项特征得到核查后，该结构完成其生成。
[Abstract]:Chinese verb-knot structure usually refers to a sentence that contains two verbs, the first of which is an action verb or a state verb. The second verb is the resultant verb produced by the first verb. The structure can be divided into three categories: V-V structure and noun -V-noun -V structure, the first two of which belong to the category of modern Chinese. The third item appears only in ancient Chinese, and this paper does not deal with it. The reason why the Chinese verb-knot structure has become a hot topic is that it violates the tenor criterion proposed by Chomsky in the management reduction theory, but the sentence is acceptable. In order to explain this phenomenon reasonably, the author proceeds from the perspective of generative linguistics. The V-V structure and V-De structure are analyzed under the framework of the simplest scheme, and it is found that the two structures can be explained by the same theory. The purpose of this paper is to give a reasonable syntactic interpretation of the Chinese verb-knot structure under the framework of the simplest scheme. In the analysis, the author uses the VP nesting theory to explain the formation of the structure. At the same time, the author introduces some of the features of the structure. The author thinks that Chinese belongs to the aspect markup language, and the Chinese character should appear in the sentence, such as "Zai," The author explains the position and the explicit recessive of the structure. That is, in V-V structure, the "already" can exist at the end of the sentence, but it must exist in the end of the sentence. In V-De structure, "has" must appear at the end of sentence, and it can exist recessive under certain conditions. In the analysis of V-V structure, the author adopts Chomsky's VP nesting theory to regard V1 as a light verb, and points out that the verb has strong causative characteristics as well as [EPP] characteristics. The strong aspect feature of the body marker "already" in the sentence attracts the whole V1 (that is, V1-V2) grafted to its position; the [EPP] feature of the "has" also attracts the nearest noun phrase to occupy its deixis position, The main case and object case of a noun in a sentence are assigned by the aspect marked "have" and the light verb v, respectively. After each feature is checked and assigned, the structure completes its syntactic generation. In the analysis of V-De structure, the author also uses the vP nesting theory to regard "de" as a light verb. By observing the syntactic evolution of "de", the author thinks that "de" is not only the meaning of result, but also the meaning of "de". It also has the characteristics of a complete volume and cannot be used with any body marker, Therefore, it is necessary to copy the "de" to the body to complete the projection. V-De structure consists of two stages: complement and the whole structure. The author regards the complement after "get" as a complete aspect projection. The whole sentence is generated in the same way. When the nouns in the structure are assigned and the features are checked, the structure completes its generation.
【学位授予单位】：河南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146

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