指称理论与科学实在论研究

发布时间：2018-03-13 21:15

  本文选题：科学实在论　切入点：指称　出处：《武汉大学》2013年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：科学实在论和反实在论在真理意义和理论实体的存在问题上一直存在争论。笔者以语言哲学中对指称问题的研究为切入点,以科学实在论和反实在论的争论为线索,试图通过对科学理论中核心理论词项的指称的拯救,来为科学实在论辩护。 全文共五个部分： 第一部分“科学实在论与反实在论之争”,阐述了科学实在论和反实在论之争的缘起和现状,对双方争论的焦点做了分析和概括。笔者对实在论和科学实在论的理解做了详细梳理,分别从形而上学、语义学角度、认识论角度以及科学实在论与经验主义的关系来概括了科学实在论的基本论点,并从可观察性、范式的更迭、理论实体和真理理论四方面探讨了科学实在论和反实在论的主要分歧。 第二部分“核心理论词项的指称问题”,主要通过对何为理论词项以及理论词项的意义和实在性等问题,来进一步从语言学角度展开探讨。笔者从理论、科学理论以及理论词项三方面对科学理论中的理论词项做出理解,并探讨了理论词项的本体论地位和它的意义。 第三部分“语言与实在及科学理论词项”,从实在和语言的关系、确定指称对象的依据以及科学理论词项的指称三方面予以论述。其中引出了传统公认的摹状词指称理论、历史因果理论指称理论以及语境论三种确定指称的理论。至此,笔者通过语言哲学的分析,继而延伸到对科学理论中共相和理论词项的指称问题的讨论。 第四部分“反实在论的攻讦——指称消失”,从本体论、认识论和语义学三个角度,论述了反实在论就科学实在论主张的指称问题,提出指称消失的攻击。 第五部分“如何挽救指称”,对已有指称理论及其面临的问题做了反思,并提出可行性对策。其中包括指称理论和二维语义学理论。近年来包括科学实在论在内的哲学家对拯救指称所做的努力以及提供的新启示,其中包括工具主义、后现代的科学实在论以及向指称飞跃的理论等。
[Abstract]:There has always been controversy between scientific realism and anti-realism on the existence of truth meaning and theoretical entity. The author takes the study of reference in linguistic philosophy as the starting point and the controversy between scientific realism and anti-realism as the clue. This paper attempts to defend scientific realism by saving the reference of key theoretical terms in scientific theory. The full text consists of five parts:. The first part, "the contention between scientific realism and anti-realism", expounds the origin and present situation of the controversy between scientific realism and anti-realism. The author makes a detailed analysis of the understanding of realism and scientific realism, respectively from the perspective of metaphysics and semantics. From the perspective of epistemology and the relationship between scientific realism and empiricism, this paper summarizes the basic arguments of scientific realism, and from the perspective of observability and paradigm change, The main differences between scientific realism and anti-realism are discussed in four aspects: theoretical entity and truth theory. The second part, "the reference problem of the Core Theory term", mainly discusses the meaning and reality of the theoretical term item and the meaning and reality of the theoretical term item. This paper makes an understanding of the theoretical terms in scientific theory from the three aspects of scientific theory and theoretical terms, and probes into the ontological status and significance of theoretical terms. The third part, "language and reality and scientific theory terms", discusses the relation between reality and language, the basis of determining the reference object and the reference of the scientific theory term, which leads to the traditional accepted description reference theory. The theory of historical causality theory and the theory of contextualism are three kinds of theories for the determination of reference. So far, through the analysis of linguistic philosophy, the author extends to the discussion of the referential problems of the synonyms and theoretical terms in scientific theory. Part 4th "criticism of anti-realism-the disappearance of reference", from the ontology, epistemology and semantics, discusses the reference of anti-realism on the issue of scientific realism, put forward the attack of the disappearance of reference. Part 5th, "how to Save reference", reflects on the existing theory of reference and the problems it faces. And put forward feasible countermeasures, including referential theory and two-dimensional semantics theory. In recent years, philosophers, including scientific realism, have made efforts to save reference and provided new enlightenment, including instrumentalism. Post-modern scientific realism and the theory of the leap to reference and so on.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：N02;H0-05
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本文编号：1608150