指物代词“它”的回指研究

发布时间：2018-03-13 22:09

本文选题：“它”及其回指　切入点：线性表现　出处：《曲阜师范大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：篇章语言学是有关语言学研究的一个新领域，也是涵盖面较广的研究领域，在篇章研究中会涉及语法、语用、认知等，而且不同的学者也分别从这些方面取得优异的研究成果。本文便立足篇章语言学，选取其中极细小的一方面——篇章回指进行探析，我们在篇章回指的下面选择指物代词“它”作为主要的研究对象，以期在小话题内探讨篇章语言学的一个侧面。在篇章回指的研究中，学术前辈多以人称代词为研究对象，尤其是第三人称代词，而对“它”的研究并不多见。在少数的指物代词“它”研究中都是简单概括，也并未形成全面的探析。而“它”在清代以后作为一个独立的代词，运用在不同的文体中，产生其自身独有的性质，为此，本文立足篇章语言学，运用功能语言学的一些理论，对“它”进行探究。本文运用历时与共时相结合的方式，不仅简略地探讨古代汉语中的“它”句法表现，更加具体地分析现代汉语中“它”的特性，并把这些特性用定量和定性的方式展现出来，进行描述和解释。本文共分为六章，第二、三、四章是重点章节。第一章是绪论。在这一章中，我们介绍了本文所要运用到的一些术语，并在特别需要说明之处加以详细论述。其中，最主要地是总括了前人对篇章回指的研究情况，尤其是代词回指的研究，从而使本文的研究方向更加明确。第二章是指物代词“它”线性分析。在这一章里，我们运用历时与共时的研究方法，对比“它”长期以来所作的句法成分以及独立角色的转换。主要是对现代汉语中“它”表现进行分析，得出“它”和先行语之间的一些位置关系，分析出“它”的话题延续性的强弱程度，并与名词形式和零形式的回指作比较，得出三者的话题延续的强弱程度是：零形式代词“它”名词。第三章是代词“它”层级结构。本章主要探讨“它”在篇章中的层次表现，为了证明其是否具有层次性，我们选取了三个证明方法：信息量的负载情况、话题延续性的强弱、在主题句和主题段中表现。并得出“它”与零形式和名词形式在篇章中是有层次性的，其中名词居于最高层，代词次之，零形式在最底层，即名词形式可以控制代词“它”和指物的零形式。为了进一步证实这一假设，我们又引入“代词单位”这一说法，在整个语篇中探析“它”的层次性。第四章是影响“它”回指的制约因素。本章在选取了调查语篇，进行实际调查，从而分析出制约“它”回指的一些因素。如句中篇章管界的制约，使“它”能在特定语境中出现，，并有一定的管辖范围；主题数量制约，探讨了语篇中出现主题的多少也会影响“它”回指的选择；结构制约中，主要论述了信息焦点制约和修辞结构制约，不同的制约因素会有不同的表现。第五章是“它”与另外两个人称代词的比较，并在综合前四章的内容基础上提出“它”回指的确认原则。第六章是结语。在对“它”进行了较全面的分析之后，我们简略地总结了本文探讨出的一些结论，并提出在探讨过程中留有的疑问，作为本文可以继续探索的方向。
[Abstract]:Text linguistics is a new field of linguistics, but also covers a wide field of research, in the text research will involve grammar, pragmatics, cognitive, and different scholars also from these research achievements are outstanding. This paper is based on the text of language learning, the tiny hand - anaphora analysis, here we choose anaphora in discourse referent pronoun "it" as the main object of study, in order to small topic to discuss one aspect of text linguistics. In the study of anaphora in academic predecessors to personal pronouns as the research object, especially in the third person the research on the pronoun "it" does not see more. In a referent pronoun "it" in the study are summarized, also did not form a comprehensive analysis. "It" in the Qing Dynasty as an independent pronoun, use In a different style, has its own unique nature, therefore, on the basis of text linguistics, using some theories of functional linguistics, to explore it. This paper uses the diachronic and synchronic combined, not only briefly discuss the ancient Chinese "it" syntactic representation, more detailed analysis of the modern in Chinese, "it" characteristics, and these characteristics with quantitative and qualitative ways, to describe and explain.
This paper is divided into six chapters, the second, third, the four chapter is the key chapter. The first chapter is the introduction. In this chapter, we introduce some terminology we will use to, and in particular the need to explain in detail. Among them, the most important is to study the situation in the studies on anaphora especially, the research of pronominal anaphora, which makes the research of this paper is clearer.
The second chapter refers to the analysis of the pronoun "it" linear. In this chapter, we use the diachronic and synchronic research method, the conversion between "syntactic" made a long time and independent role. It mainly analyzes the modern Chinese "it", that "the relationship between the position of some it" and antecedent, analysis of "it" degree of topic continuity, and noun anaphora and zero form comparison degree obtains the three topic continuity: zero form noun pronoun "it".
The third chapter is the pronoun "it" hierarchy. This chapter mainly discusses the "it" in the text of the level of performance, in order to prove whether it is hierarchical, we selected three methods to prove: load information, topic continuity degree, reflected in the topic sentences and paragraphs. And that "it" with zero form and the noun in the text are arranged in a hierarchy, the noun is on the top of zero pronouns, form at the bottom, which can control the noun form of the pronoun "Ta" and the zero form. In order to confirm this hypothesis, we also introduced the term "pronoun the unit" level in the whole discourse of "it".
The fourth chapter is the factors restricting "it" refers to the back. This chapter in the investigation of discourse, the actual survey, to analyze the restricting factors of it "refers to the back. As the restricted sentence text binding, so that" it "can appear in a given context, and there is a certain range of jurisdiction Wei; the number of topics discussed in the discourse constraints, the theme will also affect how much" it "refers to the back selection; structural constraints, mainly discusses the constraints of information focus constraints and rhetorical structure, different factors have different performance.
The fifth chapter is the comparison between "it" and the other two personal pronouns, and on the basis of the contents of the first four chapters, it puts forward the affirming principle of "it" anaphora.
The sixth chapter is the conclusion. After a comprehensive analysis of "it", we briefly summarize some conclusions discussed in this paper, and put forward some questions left in the discussion process, which is the direction that this article can continue to explore.

【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146

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