彰武方言中的古语词及近代汉语词释例

发布时间：2018-03-17 21:31

本文选题：彰武方言　切入点：古语词　出处：《华中师范大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文以辽宁彰武方言中的古语词及近代汉语词为研究对象。文章首先对方言古语词和方言近代汉语词进行了界定。认为,方言古语词和方言近代汉语词是同现代汉语普通话词汇相对而言的概念。古语词是指见于上古-中古汉语文献而不用于现代汉语普通话(口语)的文言语词,近代汉语词指不见于上古-中古汉语文献以及现代汉语普通话(口语)的白话语词。通过方言与普通话及古文献的比较,本文共考释出了彰武方言中的10条古语词及57条近代汉语词。古语词的考释,借助了《说文解字》、《方言》、《尔雅》、《广韵》、《集韵》、《康熙字典》、《汉语大字典》等工具书,同时也参考了与方言古语词相关的方言研究成果。近代汉语词主要是在彰武方言同《唐五代语言词典》、《宋元明清语言词典》等诸多近代汉语词典进行比对之后摘选出来的。古语词分为名词、动词、形容词、量词、叹词五类,近代汉语词分为名词、动词、形容词、副词、量词、数量词、兼类词等七类。无论是古语词还是近代汉语词,多数都跨代可见。古语词可见于《诗经》、《山海经》、《尔雅》、《方言》、《说文》、《广雅》、《广韵》、《集韵》等古文献。近代汉语词散见于唐至明清历代,较多出现在元、明、及清时。古语词的意义和用法多较古文献用例有所发展,词义有扩大,有缩小,用法有沿用,有引申。近代汉语词意义和用法与近代汉语文献较为接近,部分词的意义和用法也有所发展。这些古语词和近代汉语词都不同程度地在彰武方言中保留着。有些词由于使用语境较少,或可以找到意义和用法完全相对的普通话词语,这些词,正处在消亡或被替代的过程中。有些词在普通话中找不到相对的词语,则仍旧活跃在口语中。总体来看,近代汉语词对彰武方言的形成和构成影响较大。
[Abstract]:This paper focuses on the ancient words and modern Chinese words in Zhangwu dialect of Liaoning province. This paper first defines ancient dialect words and modern Chinese words in dialects. The ancient dialect words and the dialect modern Chinese words are relative concepts with the modern Mandarin vocabulary. The ancient words refer to the classical Chinese words which are found in the ancient and middle ancient Chinese literature but not used in the modern Chinese Putonghua (spoken language). Modern Chinese words refer to vernacular words which are not found in the literature of ancient and middle ancient Chinese and modern mandarin (spoken). By comparing dialects with Putonghua and ancient literature, this paper discusses 10 ancient words and 57 modern Chinese words in Zhangwu dialect. With the help of such reference books as Shuo Wen Jie Zi, dialect >, < Erya >, Guang Yun >, Ji Yun >, Kangxi Dictionary, Chinese Dictionary, etc., At the same time, we also refer to the research results of dialects related to ancient dialect words. The modern Chinese words were selected after comparing Zhangwu dialect with many modern Chinese dictionaries, such as "Tang and Wu Dynasty language Dictionary", "Song Yuan Ming Qing language Dictionary" and so on. Ancient words are divided into five categories: nouns, verbs, adjectives, classifiers, interjections, and modern Chinese words are divided into seven categories: nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, quantifiers, quantifiers, and compound words. Most of the ancient words can be found in the Book of songs, Shanhai Classic, < Erya >, < dialects >, < Shuowen >, "Guangya >, < Guangyun >," Ji Yun "and other ancient documents. Modern Chinese words were scattered from Tang Dynasty to Ming and Qing dynasties, most of them appeared in Yuan and Ming dynasties. During the Qing Dynasty, the meaning and usage of ancient Chinese words were more developed than those of the ancient literature, and the meaning of the words was enlarged and narrowed, the usage was used and extended. The meaning and usage of modern Chinese words were close to those of the modern Chinese literature. The meaning and usage of some words have also developed. These ancient words and modern Chinese words are kept in the Zhangwu dialect to varying degrees. It is in the process of dying out or being replaced. Some words can not find relative words in Putonghua, but they are still active in spoken language. In general, modern Chinese words have a great influence on the formation and formation of Zhangwu dialect.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H172.1

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