“一X不Y”格式的多角度考察

发布时间：2018-03-18 17:25

本文选题：—X不Y　切入点：结构特征　出处：《广西师范大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：摘要：“一X不Y”格式在现代汉语中很常用,口语和书面语中均有出现。本文立足语料,从句法、语义、语用三个平面考察分析该格式的结构特征、句法功能、格式意义和语用价值。正文共分为五部分：第一部分考察格式的结构特征,指出进入该格式的“X”和“Y”的语法性质,“X”基本上是名词、量词和动词,而“Y”则主要是动词、量词和形容词。第二部分分析格式的句法功能,“一X不Y”在句子中充当的主要句法成分是谓语,其次是状语、补语和定语,少量的可以作主语和宾语。第三部分论述格式的语义问题。在该格式中,“一”不仅仅是数词,还是副词,表示“一旦、一经”的意思。“X”和“Y”的语义关系有两种：(1)“X”是“Y”的受事主语；(2)“X”和“Y”互为反义关系。“一X”和“不Y”之间的语法结构主要有主谓结构、连动结构和偏正结构三种。“一X不Y”格式表达的意义有两种：(1)表示顺承持续因果义；(2)表示强调否定全量义。“一X也／都不Y”、“一X没Y”、“不Y—X”和“一X就不Y”等四种句式都与“一X不Y”在意义上存在一定联系,而“一X不Y”的形式更加简洁凝练,“一”和“不”的特殊性使得该格式具有更高程度的强调意味。第四部分拟考察格式的历史发展。“一X不Y”格式在战国时期已经出现,西汉时,成语性质的“一X不Y”达到高峰。该格式的形成发展是内外因共同作用的结果。内因是语言系统自身的原因,主要是音节和词汇的变化发展；外因主要是文学作品的变革、经书翻译和汉民族文化心理。第五部分探讨格式的语用价值。“一X不Y”格式在口语和书面语中均有出现,该格式的感情色彩有褒义、中性和贬义之分,其在语句中的感情色彩则应该根据上下文语境来判断。该格式具有强调否定表周遍义、丰富语言表现力和凝练幽默等表达功能。
[Abstract]:Abstract: the "one X not Y" format is commonly used in modern Chinese, both spoken and written. Based on the corpus, this paper analyzes the structural features and syntactic functions of the format from three aspects: syntax, semantics and pragmatics. Formal meaning and pragmatic value. The text is divided into five parts:. The first part examines the structural characteristics of the format and points out the grammatical nature of "X" and "Y" which enter the format. "X" is basically a noun, quantifier and verb, while "Y" is mainly a verb, quantifier and adjective. The second part analyzes the syntactic function of the format. The main syntactic component in the sentence is predicate, followed by adverbial, complement and attributive, and a few can be used as subject and object. The third part deals with the semantics of the format. In this format, "one" is not only a numeral, but also an adverb, meaning "once," "X" and "Y" have two kinds of semantic relations: "X" and "Y" are the subject of "Y". The grammatical structure between "X" and "Y" is mainly subject-predicate structure. There are two kinds of meaning in "one X not Y" format. "one X is not Y", "one X is not Y", "one X is not Y", "one X is not Y", "one X is not Y", "one X is not Y" and "one X is not Y" are four kinds of meaning: "one X is not Y", "one X is not Y", and "one X is not Y". There is a certain connection between the sentence structure and "one X not Y" in the sense, And the form of "one X not Y" is more concise and concise, and the particularity of "one" and "no" make the format have a higher degree of emphasis. The 4th part intends to examine the historical development of the format. "one X Bu Y" format has already appeared in the warring States period, during the Western Han Dynasty, The formation and development of this form is the result of the interaction of internal and external factors. The internal cause is the reason of the language system itself, mainly the development of syllables and vocabulary, while the external cause is the change of literary works. Translation of Classics and Cultural Psychology of Han nationality. Part 5th discusses the pragmatic value of the format. "one X Bu Y" format appears in both spoken and written language. The emotional color of the format is positive, neutral and derogatory. The emotional color of the sentence should be judged according to the context of the sentence, which has the functions of emphasizing negation, enriching language expression and condensing humor.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146

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