顺应论视角下汉语寒暄语研究

发布时间：2018-03-18 16:03

本文选题：寒暄语　切入点：顺应论　出处：《中南民族大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：“寒暄语”指的是人们交际过程之中不为寻求信息交换或者意见,而是为了建立、维持交际者之间和谐恰当的人际关系而使用的交际用语。尽管其交际的实质内容和信息极少，但是这对维系人们的正常日常交往起着不可或缺的作用。这一概念由波兰裔英籍人类学家Malinowski首次提出，命名为phaticcommunion。随后，许多学者以此为基础，对这一概念又进行了进一步的深入研究。这些研究包括功能语言学、语用学、话语语言学、跨文化交际学等多个领域，并取得了丰富的成果。虽然前人有从语用学角度对寒暄语进行研究，但是以顺应论为基础的研究甚少。因此为了进一步丰富语言学的研究，为了进一步丰富语言学的研究，本文尝试着从语用学角度，以Verschueren(1999)的语用综观顺应论为基础，结合语料的定性研究，对汉语寒暄语进行综合分析，旨在更清楚地认识“寒暄语”，探究其产生的根源，为更好地使用“寒暄语”提供理论指导。 Verschueren认为，语言具有三大基本特征：变异性、商讨性和顺应性。其中，作为核心环节的顺应性又主要有四个维度，即语境关系顺应、语言结构顺应、动态顺应以及顺应过程的意识程度。这四点作为有机整体的四个方面相互联系、相互依存。在语境顺应中，“语境”作为语言交际的客观环境，包括影响语言选择的一切因素。语境顺应对象可以分为三类：社交世界，心理世界以及物理世界。Verschueren指出，语言的使用过程实质上就是语言选择的过程，且这种选择不是固定不变的，而是动态多变的。交际者在实际交际时，语言选择并不是自由无序的。语言使用者在做出语言选择时需要不时的顺应语境三因素。寒暄语作为日常交际的必要部分，在实际交际中也是一种语言的动态选择过程，时刻受到语境顺应的这三个因素的影响。在交际过程中，说话人的语言选择都会有意识或无意识地做出顺应以满足交际需要，达到交际目的，完成交际任务。实际交际中的寒暄语应该顺应哪些因素以及在交际过程中如何顺应这些因素？根据Verschueren的顺应论，语境顺应包括交际语境和语言语境。而交际顺应是语言选择时的主要顺应因素。寒暄语的语言选择主要是为了交际语境的顺应，即对社交世界、心理世界、物理世界三个因素的顺应。寒暄语首先是对交际世界的顺应。交际世界也就是客观交际社会所包含的社会规约，，如交际者之间的社会地位、社会关系、距离、年龄差异等。在交际过程中交际者都会有意识或者无意识的受到这些因素的影响。如对社会关系疏远的交际对象会选择更为正式的寒暄语，反之亦然。其次是交际双方的心理世界，如交际者的心理需求、安全需求、归属和爱的需求、尊重需求等。交际者会根据交际对象的需求而选择不同寒暄语料。最后一个因素为物理世界，即时间以及交际距离对语言选择的影响。人们在寒暄时，根据客观距离自觉地调整声音大小，根据时间段的不同，自觉地选择不同的语言，如，早上会说“早上好”，晚上时则用“晚上好”等等。交际者就是通过顺应以上三个语境因素，实现交际目的。
[Abstract]:"Greetings" refers to people's communication not for exchange of information or opinions, but in order to establish a harmonious interpersonal relationship, properly maintained between communicators and the use of language. Although the substance and information communication is few, but it depends on people's normal daily communication plays an indispensable role.
This concept was first proposed by the Poland born British anthropologist named phaticcommunion. Malinowski, subsequently, many scholars on the basis of this concept has been further studied. These studies include functional linguistics, pragmatics, discourse linguistics, a cross-cultural communication, and achieved rich results although the previous study. Greetings from the perspective of pragmatics, but in order to adapt to the research based on the theory of little. So in order to further enrich the study of linguistics, in order to further enrich the study of linguistics, this paper attempts from the angle of pragmatics, with Verschueren (1999) of the pragmatic adaptation theory, qualitative research the corpus of Chinese greetings, comprehensive analysis, in order to more clearly understand the "greeting", to explore its causes, provide the theory for the better use of the "cold Xuan language" Guidance.
Verschueren believes that language has three basic characteristics: variability, negotiability and adaptability. Among them, as a core part of the compliance and there are four main dimensions, namely context adaptation, language structure adaptation and salience of adaptation and adaptation process. The four as the four aspects of the organic whole interaction and depend on each other. In the context adaptation, "context" as the objective environment of language communication, including all the factors to the choice of language. Context adaptation object can be divided into three categories: social world, mental world and physical world.Verschueren pointed out that the process of using the language is essentially a language selection process, and this choice is not fixed the same, but dynamic. The communicator in the actual communication, language choice is not free. The disordered language users need to adapt when making linguistic choices Three factors of context.
Greetings as a necessary part of daily communication, dynamic process in real communication is also a kind of language, by the time of the three influence factors of contextual adaptation. In the process of communication, the speaker of the language will consciously or unconsciously adapt to meet the needs of communication and achieve the communicative purpose, communicative the actual communication tasks. The greetings should conform to what factors in the process of communication and how to adapt to these factors?
According to Verschueren's adaptation theory, contextual adaptation including communicative context and linguistic context and communicative adaptation is the main choice of adaptation to the linguistic factors. The choice of language greetings is the adaptation to the communicative context, namely the psychological world, social world, physical world three factors of adaptation. First is the adaptation to the communicative greetings the rest of the world. The world is the objective social conventions communication contains between social communication, such as the communicator's social status, social relations, distance, etc. the differences in age. Participants will be consciously or unconsciously the influence of these factors in the process of communication. As to the social relations alienation will choose a communication object formal greetings, and vice versa. Second is the communication of both sides of the psychological world, such as the communicators' psychological needs, safety needs, belongingness and love needs, esteem needs. Participants according to communication The object of the demand and the choice of different communicative corpus. The final factor is the physical world, effect of time and communication distance on the choice of language. People in communication, according to the objective distance consciously adjust the sound size, according to the time difference, consciously choose a different language, such as the morning, say "good morning" during the night, with "good night" and so on. The communication is through to the above three contextual factors, achieve the purpose of communication.

【学位授予单位】：中南民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H136

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