时间参照框架下英汉语时间表达的认知研究

发布时间：2018-03-19 09:53

本文选题：时间参照框架　切入点：时间表达　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本研究构建了时间参照框架作为理论基础，采用了定性研究方法，以《现代汉语词典》、《牛津高阶英语词典》、北京大学中国语言学研究中心语料库、以及当代美国英语语料库为数据来源，通过分析时间的认知机制，梳理了英语和汉语中的时间表达方式的异同。本研究以Levinson的空间参照框架为理论基础，通过隐喻映射构架了时间参照框架，包括：相对参照框架、内在参照框架以及绝对参照框架。相对参照框架以观察者为参照点，依据观察者的视角不同分为两种情况（1）观察者面朝过去方向，则过去处于观察者前方而未来处于后方；（2）观察者面对未来方向，则过去处于观察者后方而未来处于前方。内在参照框架以时间事件为参照点，早于参照事件的时间事件视为前，晚于参照事件的时间事件视为后。绝对参照框架以绝对固定的时间或地球的自转公转为参照点，时间表达客观。通过对时间参照框架的应用，，本文具体分析了以下英汉语的时间表达方式的认知机制：（1）英汉语中涉及“前/后”概念的时间表达方式；（2）英语的时体概念；（3）汉语体态的四个标记了、过、着、在；（3）英语的时间状语从句；（4）日历的认知理据；以及（5）汉语中和“日”字相关的表达时间的汉字成因。通过研究可以发现，三种时间参照框架普遍存在于英汉语的时间表达中，其中，词汇层面的时间表达方式英汉语存在很多共性，而在语法层面，英语的时这一时间概念是汉语所没有的；时态不仅体现了过去、现在和未来的时间顺序，更体现了人类对已知现实、即刻现实、可能现实和不可能现实的认知。英汉语中都有体的概念，体的本质是描述动作过程的长度，表达了动作在某一过程中的状态与阶段。英语的体无法和时分割，时体构成句子的双层结构；完成体常具有现联性。汉语的体单独使用，完成体标志“了”强调完成，而另一完成体标志“过”强调过去时间内的经历。总之，本研究利用时间参照框架分析了英汉语时间表达方式的认知机制，理顺了英汉时间表达方式的异同，从而有助于更好地理解时间概念，并具有一定的应用价值，开阔了时间认知方面新的思路。
[Abstract]:In this study, a time frame of reference was constructed as the theoretical basis, and a qualitative approach was adopted, including Modern Chinese Dictionary, Oxford High order English Dictionary, and the corpus of the Center of Chinese Linguistics of Peking University. By analyzing the cognitive mechanism of time, this paper analyzes the similarities and differences between the expressions of time in English and Chinese. Based on Levinson's spatial frame of reference and metaphorical mapping, this study constructs a time frame of reference, including: relative frame of reference, internal frame of reference and absolute frame of reference, and relative frame of reference takes observer as reference point. The observer faces the past direction, the past is in front of the observer and the future is in the rear. Then the past is behind the observer and the future is ahead. The internal frame of reference takes the temporal event as the reference point, earlier than the time event of the reference event. The time event later than the reference event is considered to be later. The absolute frame of reference expresses objectivity through the application of the frame of reference to the absolute fixed time or the rotation of the earth. This paper specifically analyzes the cognitive mechanism of the following temporal expressions in English and Chinese: 1) the temporal expression of the concept of "front / back" in English and Chinese, the concept of tense and aspect in English and the concept of tense and aspect in English. (3) the cognitive motivation of the English time adverbial clause and calendar; and (5) the Chinese characters' causes of expressing the time related to the word "Japanese" in Chinese. Through the study, we can find that the three time frame of reference exist generally in the time expression of English and Chinese, among which, there are many commonalities in English and Chinese at the lexical level, but in the grammar level, there are many similarities in the expression of time at the lexical level in English and Chinese. The concept of "tense" in English is something that Chinese does not have; tenses not only reflect the past, present and future chronological order, but also reflect the human being's knowledge of the known reality, the immediate reality. The concept of aspect in both English and Chinese. The essence of aspect is to describe the length of the process of action, to express the state and stage of action in a certain process. The complete aspect is used alone in Chinese, the complete aspect marks "emphasized" completion, while the other complete aspect marker "emphasizes" the past experience in time. The present study analyzes the cognitive mechanism of time expressions in English and Chinese by using the time reference frame, and straightens out the similarities and differences of time expressions between English and Chinese, thus contributing to a better understanding of the concept of time and has certain application value. Open up a new way of thinking about time cognition.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H314;H146

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