“南北”“东西”新论

发布时间：2018-03-19 21:41

本文选题：“东西”　切入点：“南北”　出处：《华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2012年02期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】："东西南北"是最基本的方位,但在汉语中,"东西"与"南北"不仅语用频率不对称,语义演化也相当不同:由于一则古人每天看见东边日出西边落,"东西"距离可直接感知,而"自北极至于南极,二亿三万三千五百里七十五步",南北距离则更依赖想象;二则古代建筑多坐北朝南,所谓比邻而居,往往是东西相邻,"东邻西舍"等于"左邻右舍",由此"东西"更易产生"邻近"义:三是古人座位习惯坐北朝南,最宜放置生活物品是座位两侧,也就是东西向,用"东西"代指东西两侧的物品也就很自然。于是,"东西"由"方位"演化出"近旁",由"近旁"(放物的位置)演化出"物品";而"南北"则演变出"远距"义。
[Abstract]:"East, west, north and south" is the most basic orientation, but in Chinese, "East and West" and "North and South" are not only asymmetric in pragmatic frequency, but also quite different in semantic evolution: since the ancients saw the east sunrise and the west fall every day, the distance between "east and west" can be directly perceived. "as far as the Antarctic is concerned, two hundred million thirty-three thousand and five hundred miles and 75 steps from the Arctic," the distance between the north and the south depends more on imagination. Second, ancient buildings often sit north and face south, so called neighbors. Often it is adjacent to east and west, and "east to west" is equal to "right and left". Thus, "east and west" is more likely to produce the meaning of "proximity": third, the ancients used to sit north and face south, and the best place for living articles is on either side of the seat, that is, east-west. It is natural to refer to objects on both sides of the east and west by "thing". Therefore, "thing" evolves from "position" to "near", from "near side" (the position of object) to "object", and "north and south" evolves into "distant" meaning.
【作者单位】：浙江大学古籍所/汉语史中心;
【基金】：国家社科基金项目“汉语词汇的核心义”(06BYY050)的阶段性成果之一
【分类号】：H13

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