基于语料库的英汉中“上”和“下”的隐喻拓展研究

发布时间：2018-03-23 07:53

本文选题：认知隐喻　切入点：空间隐喻　出处：《四川师范大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：什么是隐喻?从古至今,许多学者都对此进行过研究,比如亚里士多德的比较论,昆体良的替代论,以及理查兹的互动论。然而自拉考夫,约翰逊以后,认知论受到了越来越多的认可与关注。认知语言学家认为,隐喻是一种重要的认知工具,也是我们赖以生存的一种思维方式,在日常生活中我们常常通过具体事物的隐喻拓展来构建抽象事物。拉考夫,约翰逊在《我们赖以生存的隐喻》中将认知隐喻分为结构隐喻,空间隐喻和本体隐喻。本文所研究的上和下的隐喻拓展属于认知隐喻中的空间隐喻。空间是我们刚出生就可以体验到的第一个概念,因为我们就生活在空间里,比如上和下,里和外,前和后,等等。这些具体的方位常常被用于构建一些非空间的抽象概念。在所有的空间方位中上和下是最基本的概念,因此上和下的隐喻意义常常成为空间隐喻研究的重点。蓝纯也曾研究过英汉中上和下的隐喻拓展,分别对状态、数量、时间和社会等级这四个目标域进行过分析与阐述。但是,笔者认为蓝纯对状态,数量和时间这三个目标域的分析不足,另外在指出英汉中上和下的隐喻拓展的异同时,更多的注意力放在了相似之处,而对差异部分的分析不够全面。因此,在蓝纯分析的基础之上,笔者对英汉中上和下的隐喻拓展进行了进一步的研究,分析,补充与说明。本文首先通过统计学的方法从北京大学语料库和英国国家语料库选取带有上和下的样本,然后对四个隐喻拓展分别进行具体分析研究,它们分别是状态域,数量域,时间域和社会等级域,以弥补蓝纯在分析时的不足之处。最后具体指出英汉中上和下的隐喻拓展的相似与不同之处。通过本文,首先我们会对英汉中上和下的隐喻拓展有一个更深的了解与认识,然后通过英汉中上和下的隐喻拓展看到这两种语言在认知模式上的差异与相似之处,这对两种不同文化间的理解与交流起到了添砖加瓦的作用,最后英汉中上和下的隐喻拓展研究为其他空间概念的隐喻意义研究提供了一个参考平台。
[Abstract]:What is metaphor? Many scholars have studied this from time to time, such as Aristotle's theory of comparison, Quintirian's theory of substitution, and Richards' theory of interaction. Cognitive theory has received more and more recognition and attention. Cognitive linguists believe that metaphor is an important cognitive tool and a way of thinking on which we live. In our daily life, we often construct abstract things through the metaphorical expansion of concrete things. In metaphor for our existence, Lakoff Johnson divides cognitive metaphor into structural metaphor. Spatial metaphor and Noumenon metaphor. The extension of the upper and lower metaphors in this paper belongs to the spatial metaphor in cognitive metaphor. Space is the first concept that we can experience from birth, because we live in space, such as top and bottom. Inside and out, front and back, etc. These specific orientations are often used to construct non-spatial abstract concepts. Among all the spatial orientations, upper and lower are the most basic concepts. Therefore, the metaphorical meaning of upper and lower is often the focus of the study of spatial metaphor. Lan Chun has also studied the metaphorical extension of upper and lower in English and Chinese, respectively in terms of state and quantity. The four target domains of time and social rank have been analyzed and expounded. However, the author thinks that the three target domains, namely, state, quantity and time, are not sufficiently analyzed. In addition, the author points out the similarities and differences of the extension of metaphorical metaphors in English and Chinese. More attention is paid to the similarities, but the analysis of the difference part is not comprehensive. Therefore, on the basis of the blue pure analysis, the author makes a further study, analysis, supplement and explanation of the metaphorical extension between English and Chinese. In this paper, samples with upper and lower levels are selected from Peking University corpus and British National Corpus by statistical method, and then the four metaphorical extensions are analyzed and studied in detail, they are state domain and quantitative domain, respectively. Time domain and social hierarchy domain are used to make up for the inadequacies of Lan Chun's analysis. Finally, the similarities and differences between English and Chinese metaphorical extension of upper and lower are pointed out. In this paper, we will first have a deeper understanding of the metaphorical extension between English and Chinese, and then we can see the differences and similarities between the two languages in cognitive mode through the metaphorical extension of English and Chinese. This has contributed to the understanding and communication between the two cultures. Finally, the study of metaphorical extension between English and Chinese provides a reference platform for the study of the metaphorical meaning of other spatial concepts.
【学位授予单位】：四川师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H136;H313

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