对日汉语教学中汉字的形义研究

发布时间：2018-03-24 04:01

本文选题：字形　切入点：字义　出处：《渤海大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：汉字教学是对外汉语教学中的一个重要环节。日语中也存在大量汉字，但在字形、字音、字义等方面与汉语中的汉字有同有异。对于其母语中也存在大量汉字的日本汉语学习者来说，这种同异共存既可以有助于他们学习和掌握汉字，也容易造成学习和理解汉字方面的偏误，，汉字学习是学习汉语的基础，而汉语汉字的学习其实并非如我们想象中的那样简单。在汉语学习的初级阶段日本学生在汉字方面的确存在一定的优势，但随着汉语级别的提高这种优势会逐渐地弱化，进行中日汉字的形义比较有助于对日汉语教学中的汉字教学。字形相同的中日汉字相比较，有形同义同、形同义异两种情况，字形不同的中日汉字相比较，有形异义同、形异义异两种情况，特殊汉字包括常用义相同的中日汉字和常用义不同的中日汉字。日本汉语学习者的汉字偏误有两类：汉字书写错误和汉字使用错误。中日汉字里有相同或相近的部分，这对日本的汉语学习者会产生正负两种迁移效果。对日汉字形义教学策略是充分利用日语中汉字对日本人学习汉语的正迁移作用，防止负迁移作用，以笔画教学为基础，以部首为核心的教学，针对学生学习的不同阶段、针对不同类型的汉字，教师应采用不同的教学策略。通过对中日汉字的对比分析，明确二者之间的区别与联系，更深刻地理解两者的异同，能够更好地促进对日汉字教学。
[Abstract]:The teaching of Chinese characters is an important link in teaching Chinese as a foreign language. For Japanese Chinese learners who also have a large number of Chinese characters in their mother tongue, this coexistence of similarities and differences can help them to learn and master Chinese characters. It is also easy to cause errors in learning and understanding Chinese characters, which are the basis for learning Chinese. In fact, the learning of Chinese characters is not as simple as we think. Japanese students do have some advantages in Chinese characters at the initial stage of learning Chinese, but with the improvement of the Chinese language level, this advantage will be gradually weakened. The comparison of the form and meaning of Chinese characters between China and Japan is helpful to the teaching of Chinese characters in Japanese Chinese language teaching. There are two kinds of cases, Special Chinese characters include Chinese and Japanese characters with the same common meanings and Chinese characters with different commonly used meanings. There are two types of errors in Chinese characters of Japanese Chinese learners: errors in writing Chinese characters and errors in the use of Chinese characters. There are identical or similar parts of Chinese characters in Chinese and Japanese characters. The teaching strategy is to make full use of the positive transfer of Chinese characters in Japanese to prevent negative transfer, based on stroke teaching. According to the different stages of students' learning and the different types of Chinese characters, teachers should adopt different teaching strategies. Through the comparative analysis of Chinese characters between China and Japan, the differences and relations between the two should be clarified. A deeper understanding of the similarities and differences between the two can better promote the teaching of Japanese Chinese characters.
【学位授予单位】：渤海大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H195.3

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