论最简方案中英汉小句的一些问题

发布时间：2018-03-25 15:11

本文选题：汉语小句　切入点：英语小句　出处：《哈尔滨师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：自从Chomsky和Stowell在1981年提出了小句这一概念后，国内外的许多语言学家都在关注小句这一特殊语言范畴的研究。但是，尽管有关这一语言学问题的研究已经取得了很大一部分进展，语言学家们始终没有提出一个统一的令人满意的解释。本篇论文研究了小句这一语言学界中备受争议的句法范畴，尝试在最简方案的理论框架下重新定义英语小句和汉语小句的概念、范畴地位、同时试着为英语小句和汉语小句的生成提供一个合理的解释。本文力求为英语和汉语小句提供一个统一的完整的解释。本文首先简要的介绍了国内外学者在英语和汉语小句研究方面的研究现状，进展及成果。为了对小句生成这一问题进行全面地，系统地调查研究，本篇论文采用了最简方案框架下的X阶标理论，题元理论，格理论，VP内部主语假设理论，以及VP壳理论。简单地说，小句是一个句子成分，它的相应句子结构是NP, XP，在本文中X可以属于名词、形容词、介词和动词任一范畴。而关于小句的范畴地位，不同的学者持有不同的观点，其中比较有代表性的是XP分析，PrP分析，AgrP分析，SC分析，TP分析和IP分析。本文分别讨论了以上分析的优缺点，然后在Aarts和Culicover的IP分析的基础上，认为小句是一个以隐形功能曲折词I为中心的最大投射。此外，我们可以在英语及汉语的例外授格结构，，动宾补结构，提升结构和存在结构中发现小句的存在。小句还有一些特殊的句法特征：在小句中存在着主谓关系；小句中可以有三种类型的主语，即，实义词NP，虚主语PRO，和语迹t；小句中缺乏标句词，它的中心语I是隐性的，带虚格。接下来，本文探讨了不同类型小句的生成过程：例外授格结构中的形容词小句，名词小句，动词小句和介词小句；动宾补结构中的动结小句和描述小句；提升结构和存在结构中的小句。根据动词主语内部生成假设和题元理论，本篇论文认为小句的主语生成于XP的标志语位置，以获得其题元角色，然后在格检验的驱动下，进行移位。
[Abstract]:Since Chomsky and Stowell put forward the concept of clause in 1981, many linguists at home and abroad have paid close attention to the study of clause as a special linguistic category. Linguists have never come up with a uniform and satisfactory explanation. This paper studies clause, a controversial syntactic category in linguistics, and attempts to redefine the concept and status of English clauses and Chinese clauses within the framework of the minimalist scheme. At the same time, it tries to provide a reasonable explanation for the generation of English clauses and Chinese clauses. Firstly, this paper briefly introduces the current situation, progress and achievements of the research of Chinese and English clauses, in order to make a comprehensive and systematic investigation and study on the problem of clause generation. In this paper, the X order theory, the problem element theory, the case theory / VP internal subject hypothesis theory, and the VP shell theory are used in the framework of the minimalist scheme. In short, the clause is a sentence component. The corresponding sentence structure is NPX, XP. in this paper, X can belong to any category of nouns, adjectives, prepositions and verbs. Among them, XP analysis and PrP analysis are more representative, and AgrP analysis, SC analysis, TP analysis and IP analysis. This paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the above analysis, and then based on the IP analysis of Aarts and Culicover, the paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the above analysis, then based on the IP analysis of Aarts and Culicover. It is considered that the clause is a maximum projection centered on the implicit and tortuous word I. In addition, we can give case structure, verb-object complement structure in English and Chinese. There are some special syntactic features of clauses: there are subject-predicate relations in clauses, and there can be three types of subjects in clauses. There is a lack of markers in clauses, and its central word I is recessive, with virtual case. Next, this paper discusses the formation process of different types of clauses: adjective clauses, noun clauses in exceptional case structures, Verb clauses and prepositional clauses; verb-junction clauses and descriptive clauses in verb-object complement structures; clauses in lifting structures and existential structures. This paper holds that the subject of clause is generated from the position of marker in XP to obtain its role of question and then shift under the drive of case test.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H314;H146

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