清华简副词研究

发布时间：2018-03-25 19:33

本文选题：清华简　切入点：副词　出处：《扬州大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：“清华简”系清华大学于2008年入藏的一批流失境外的战国古代竹简。与其他的古代竹简不同的是,清华简的内容是以“经、史”为主,也就是真正的“书”。其中,最为重要的就是《尚书》篇目的发现。据李学勤称,“清华简”的发现很可能会改写上古史,因为“真本古文《尚书》很可能因为‘清华简’的发现和破译而‘复活’。”①若果真如此,清华简的文献价值是不可估量的。副词是一个既重要又复杂的词类,各家对副词的研究都有不同的观点。副词研究是汉语词法研究当中的一个非常重要的环节,从某种意义上来说,这也是我们所要探讨的一个根本性的语言学中的理论问题。同时,汉语语法史的研究离不开断代语法史的研究,断代语法史的研究又离不开专书语法研究,而专书语法研究也离不开专书重要语言现象的个案研究。然而到目前为止,还没有学者做过清华简副词穷尽性的语例分析和专题研究,也没有学者做过今古文《尚书》副词和清华简副词的比较研究。本文对“清华简”九篇出土文献中的副词进行了穷尽性的考察和分析,对其词汇意义、语法意义、语法功能、语法特征作出了详尽的描述,并在此基础上将清华简副词和今古文《尚书》副词进行了初步的对比分析,希望能够为上古汉语语法史副词的研究再添新的有价值的语料。全文分为三个部分。第一章是清华简副词的类型分析。按照清华简副词的虚化程度,文章将清华简副词分为九个大类,并依次对这九类副词的词汇意义、语法意义、语法功能和语法特点进行了分析和总结。清华简副词共71个,单音副词占绝对优势,多音副词仅3个,且均为叠音副词。清华简副词多源于动词和形容词,因此多数副词为兼类词；清华简很多副词仅1见,但却是后世文献中的高频副词。可见,清华简时代是汉语副词发展的重要阶段。第二章是清华简副词与今古文《尚书》副词的比较分析。清华简与今古文《尚书》有着相同的副词系统,亦即情态副词、时间副词、程度副词、范围副词、表数副词、语气副词、否定副词、关联副词、表敬副词。论文首先从清华简和今古文《尚书》的副词数量、词频、语音形式、表义特征着手整体分析,进而对九类副词逐一进行对比分析,力求总结出清华简副词与今古文《尚书》副词异同。第三章是清华简副词的成因分析。清华简副词的形成机制共两种,即实词虚化和同音假借。从清华简副词的数量上来看,实词虚化又是清华简副词形成的主要途径。论文从这两种副词的形成机制的源头上探求清华简副词的成因。论文主要采用定性分析与定量分析相结合、共时和历时相结合、归纳和演绎相结合、描写与解释相结合的研究方法。
[Abstract]:"Tsinghua Bamboo slips" is a batch of ancient bamboo slips of the warring States period that were lost to Tibet by Tsinghua University in 2008. Unlike other ancient bamboo slips, the contents of the bamboo slips are mainly "classics, history", that is, the true "books." The most important thing is the discovery of the title of "Shang Shu". According to Li Xueqin, the discovery of "Tsinghua Bamboo slips" is likely to rewrite ancient history. Because "the True Ancient Chinese Book of Shang Shu" is likely to be "resurrected" because of the discovery and interpretation of "Tsinghua Bamboo slips." if so, the literature value of Tsinghua slips is incalculable. Adverb is an important and complex part of speech, and the study of adverbs has different viewpoints. The study of adverbs is a very important link in the study of Chinese morphology, in a sense, This is also a fundamental theoretical problem in linguistics. At the same time, the study of the history of Chinese grammar can not be separated from the study of the history of Chinese grammar, and the study of the history of grammar of the dynasty cannot be separated from the study of grammar with special books. However, up to now, no scholar has ever done the exhaustive case analysis and special research on the adverb of Tsinghua Jane's slips, and the study of grammar is inseparable from the case study of the important linguistic phenomena in the special book. No scholar has ever made a comparative study of adverbs in ancient Chinese and Qinghua Jane adverbs. This paper makes an exhaustive investigation and analysis of the adverbs in nine unearthed articles of Tsinghua slips, and makes an exhaustive investigation and analysis of their lexical meaning, grammatical meaning and grammatical functions. On the basis of the detailed description of grammatical features, this paper makes a preliminary comparative analysis between the adverb of Tsinghua simple and the adverb of Shang Shu in ancient Chinese, hoping to add new valuable materials to the study of adverbs in the history of grammar in ancient Chinese. The full text is divided into three parts. The first chapter is the analysis of the types of adverbs in Qinghua Bamboo slips. According to the degree of the vacuity of the adverbs, the article divides the adverbs into nine categories, and gives the lexical meaning and grammatical meaning of the adverbs in turn. The grammatical function and grammatical characteristics are analyzed and summarized. There are 71 adverbs in Qinghua Jane, and only 3 polysyllabic adverbs and only three polysyllabic adverbs, all of which are duplicated adverbs, most of which are derived from verbs and adjectives. Therefore, most adverbs are conjunctive words; many adverbs in Tsinghua slips are high frequency adverbs in the literature of later generations, but many adverbs are only one time, so it can be seen that the age of Qinghua Jian is an important stage of the development of Chinese adverbs. The second chapter is the comparative analysis between the adverbs of Tsinghua slips and the adverbs of the ancient times. There is the same adverb system between Qinghua Jian and Shangshu, that is, modal adverbs, time adverbs, degree adverbs, scope adverbs, table number adverbs. Mood adverbs, negative adverbs, related adverbs, and adverbs. Firstly, the thesis analyzes the number of adverbs, the frequency of words, the phonetic form, and the semantic features of the adverbs of Qinghua Jian and the present and Ancient Chinese calligraphy, and then makes a comparative analysis of the nine kinds of adverbs one by one. Trying to summarize the similarities and differences between the adverb of Qinghua bamboo slips and the adverbs in ancient Chinese. The third chapter is the cause analysis of the adverb of Qinghua Bamboo slips. There are two kinds of formation mechanism of the adverbs of Qinghua Bamboo slips, that is, notional empty words and homonym fake loan. From the view of the quantity of the adverbs of Qinghua Bamboo slips, The notional vacuity is the main way to form the adverbs of Tsinghua slips, and the origin of the two adverbs is explored in this paper. This paper mainly adopts the methods of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, synchronic and diachronic, inductive and deductive, description and explanation.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H141

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