“V上”与“V下”的对称与不对称研究

发布时间：2018-03-25 22:16

本文选题：“V上”与“V下”　切入点：对称与不对称　出处：《南京师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文在对大量语料进行考察的基础上,首先根据标记理论确定“V上”是无标记项,“V下”是有标记项,然后从历时和共时平面上对“V上”与“V下”的对称与不对称情况进行描写,并从句法、语义、语用、认知等角度分析其产生不对称的原因。在共时平面上的方位意义上,“V上”与“V下”的不对称主要体现在移动方向(包括移动的起终点)与方向价上。在移动方向上,“V上”与“V下”虽都可以表示横向移动与纵向移动但是存在一些差异；“V上”后的宾语只能是表终点的处所宾语,而“V下”后的宾语既可以是表终点的处所宾语也可以是表起点的。在方向价上,“V上”位移句中“V上”与“V下”都分为单价“V上”、双价“V上”和三价“V上”三类,虽然方向价的数目相同,但是各方向价内部存在一些差异。本文认为其不对称是由于语言内部的制约(主要是受“V上/下”中V的制约)、语言的凸凹原则、终端焦点化及标记颠倒的共同作用。在共时平面的非方位意义上,考察了“V上”与“V下”在结果义、状态义和语气义上的对称与不对称性。结果义上,“V上”分为接触义、出现义、完成义、容纳义,达到义、合拢义,“V下”分为脱离义、出现义、完成义、容纳义,在脱离义、出现义与完成义上这两结构既存在对称的现象又存在不对称的现象,在容纳义上基本对称,而“V下”没有“V上”的达到义以及合拢义；状态义上,适合“V上”结构的动词远多于“V下”；语气义上,只有“V上”有语气义,“V下”没有。本文从认知上的原型效应、隐喻理论、意象图式以及语用上的乐观原则、礼貌原则与文化心理上进行解释。在历时平面上对四个时期的“V上”与“V下”的使用情况进行描写,得出“V上”有些义项的产生(横向上移动的方位义、出现义与状态义上)以及“V上”语法化时间要早于“V下”,语法化程度也高于“V下”。这些不对称也是共时平面上一些不对称现象产生的历时原因。
[Abstract]:Based on the investigation of a large number of corpus, this paper first determines that "V" is an unmarked term, "under V" is a marked term, and then describes the symmetry and asymmetry between "V" and "V" from the diachronic and synchronic plane. The causes of asymmetry are analyzed from syntactic, semantic, pragmatic and cognitive perspectives. In the azimuth sense of the synchronic plane, the asymmetry between "V" and "V" is mainly reflected in the direction of movement (including the starting point of movement) and the directional price. In the direction of movement, "on V" and "under V" can both represent transverse direction. Moving and moving longitudinally, but there are some differences; the object after "V" can only be the place object at the end of the table. And the object after "V" can be either the place object or the starting point. In the directional price, the "V" and "V" in the "V" displacement sentence can be divided into three categories: "V", "V" and "V", and the "V" and "V" are classified into three categories: "V", "V", "V", "V" and "V", respectively. Although the number of directional valence is the same, there are some differences within each directional price. This paper holds that the asymmetry of the directional valence is due to the internal constraints of language (mainly by V in "V up / down", the convex and concave principle of language. The joint action of terminal focus and label reversal. In the non-azimuth sense of synchronic plane, the symmetry and asymmetry between "V" and "V" in result meaning, state meaning and tone meaning are investigated. "under V" is divided into two parts: secession, appearance, completion, inclusion, and so on. The two structures have both symmetrical and asymmetric phenomena in the sense of separation, appearance and completion, and are basically symmetrical in the sense of inclusion. However, "V" has no "on" meaning and close meaning; "V" structure is more suitable for "V" structure than "V" in state sense; "V" has mood meaning only "V" has mood meaning, "V" is not "under V". This paper is based on cognitive prototype effect, metaphor theory, and so on. Image schema and pragmatic optimistic principle, politeness principle and cultural psychological explanation. The use of "V" and "V" in four periods are described on the diachronic plane, and some meanings of "V" are obtained. The grammaticalization time of "V" is earlier than that of "V", and the grammaticalization degree is higher than that of "V". These asymmetries are also the diachronic causes of some asymmetries in the synchronic plane.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146

【参考文献】