《左传》体词性成分在谓语位置上的句法表现

发布时间：2018-03-26 15:04

本文选题：《左传》　切入点：体词　出处：《北京大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文以《左传》为主要语料来源,研究体词性成分出现在谓语位置上这一语言现象。体词性成分主要充当主语或宾语,一般是指称性的；谓词性词语主要充当谓语,一般是陈述性的,表达有关对象的新信息。但在有些情况下,体词性成分也可以出现在谓语位置上,发生了从指称向陈述的转化。目前,现代汉语学者对这种现象的研究比较多,尤其是对“体词性谓语句”的研究比较深入；在古代汉语领域主要是对“名词动用”现象研究较多,还没有对这种现象的全面考察。为了更好地理解体词性成分充当谓语的特征和本质,我们有必要对古代汉语中的这种现象进行进一步研究,专书考察是其中很重要的一环。本文将在前贤时彦所作研究的基础上,借鉴现代语言学理论,试图在句法特征和语义特征方面提出自己的看法,希望可以为这一现象的研究提供更加深入全面的论述。本文共分六章。第一章为序论,首先介绍了谓语和体词这两个与研究对象密切相关的概念,然后概述了体词性成分充当谓语的研究成果,最后对本文的研究范围进行划定。凡是由本为体词或体词性结构直接充当谓语的句子,均属于本文的研究对象。第二章介绍了本文主要采用的理论方法,即论元角色理论、轻动词理论和生成词库理论。第三章至第五章是本文的主体部分。从谓语的功能出发,本文把体词性成分充当谓语的现象分为判断、叙述和描写三类,分章讨论了各类谓语的表层句法形式、轻动词结构和体词性成分做谓语的语义条件。本文依据论元角色理论观察谓语位置上的体词性成分的核心体词所担任的论旨角色,依据轻动词理论归纳与体词性成分充当谓语相关的轻动词结构,依据生成词库理论研究核心名词的物性结构、语义类型和体词性成分语义的生成方式。这样可以把三类谓语纳入同一系统进行描写和比较,比以往的研究更加清楚。第六章是结语,对体词性成分陈述化现象进行了概括归纳。在《左传》中,体词性成分充当谓语虽然本身没有发生句法上的变化,但需要满足一定条件。不同类谓语的陈述性不同,原体词性成分的发生的陈述化也有差异。结合句法位置、认知语言学理论和轻动词结构,本文归纳出体词性成分陈述化的等级。
[Abstract]:Taking Zuo Zhuan as the main data source, this paper studies the linguistic phenomenon that the body parts of speech appear in the predicate position. The body parts of speech are mainly used as subjects or objects, which are generally referential, and predicate words are mainly used as predicates. In general, it is declarative and expresses new information about the object, but in some cases, the part of speech component can also appear in the predicate position, and the transformation from reference to statement takes place. At present, there are many researches on this phenomenon among modern Chinese scholars, especially the research on "aspect and part of speech predicate sentence", and in the field of ancient Chinese, the phenomenon of "use of nouns" is mainly studied. In order to better understand the characteristics and essence of the predicate, it is necessary for us to further study this phenomenon in ancient Chinese. This paper, on the basis of the research done by Maehara Shihihiko, will draw lessons from modern linguistic theories and try to put forward his own views on syntactic and semantic features. It is hoped that it can provide a more thorough and comprehensive discussion for the study of this phenomenon. This paper is divided into six chapters. The first chapter introduces the concepts of predicate and aspect word, which are closely related to the object of study. In the end, the scope of this study is defined. All sentences which are directly used as predicate by the body word or aspect structure belong to the research object of this paper. Chapter two introduces the main theoretical methods used in this paper, namely, the theory of argument role. Light verb theory and generative lexicon theory. The third to fifth chapters are the main part of this paper. From the function of predicate, this paper divides the phenomenon of body parts of speech as predicate into three categories: judgment, narration and description, and discusses the surface syntactic forms of all kinds of predicates. Based on the theory of argument role, this paper observes the role of tenor in the core body of aspect and part of speech component in predicate position. According to the theory of light verbs, the structure of light verbs related to the predicate is summed up, and the transitivity structure of core nouns is studied according to the theory of generative lexicon. In this way, three kinds of predicates can be described and compared in the same system, which is more clear than previous studies. The sixth chapter is the conclusion, which generalizes the declarative phenomenon of body parts of speech. In Zuo Zhuan, the body parts of speech act as predicates, although there is no syntactic change in itself. However, certain conditions need to be met. Different kinds of predicates are different in their declarative nature, and there are also differences in the occurrence of partial-of-speech components of mycoplasma, including syntactic position, cognitive linguistic theory and light verb structure. This paper sums up the level of representation of body parts of speech.
【学位授予单位】：北京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H141

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