符号学的得与失——从文本理论谈起

发布时间：2018-03-28 06:58

本文选题：符号学　切入点：文本理论　出处：《湖北大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2014年04期

【摘要】：符号学这个概念最早是索绪尔提出来的。20世纪60年代,罗兰·巴特、朱莉娅·克里斯蒂娃、A.J.格雷马斯等人,从不同但又比较接近的渠道,真正开始了符号学研究。罗兰·巴特的《文本理论》一文是这一时期符号学的纲领性文件。文本理论的提出是有功绩的:第一,从认识论方面以全新的视角重新认识表意实践活动;第二,由于不再把作品视为单纯的"信息"和"陈述文",而是视作永恒的生产过程,视作陈述活动,文本理论趋向于消除文类间和艺术间的分野;第三,提出了"互文性"概念;第四,开辟了一个新的认识领域,提升了一个新的认识对象的地位,即阅读;第五,大大扩展了书写概念,把创作变成了书写,批评也是书写。文本理论本来应该与作品理论并存,它们本应该是并行不悖的。但四十年来的写作实践、批评实践和阅读实践中,却逐渐出现了以文本观取代作品观的基本倾向,由此衍生出一些消极现象:文本的碎片化现象;主体的虚无倾向;"能指的无限性"和"游戏"说导致了对生活的脱离;去价值化。显然,继续过分炒作文本理论,特别是忘却和否定作品理论,是错误的。
[Abstract]:The concept of semiotics was first put forward by Saussure in the 1960s, and Roland Bart, Julia Christina and A. Graymas, and so on, came from different but relatively close sources. Roland Bart's text Theory is the programmatic document of semiotics in this period. The text theory has its merits: first, From the aspect of epistemology, we can re-understand the practical activities of ideologies from a new perspective. Secondly, because we no longer regard the works as simple "information" and "statements", they are regarded as eternal production processes and as declarative activities. Text theory tends to eliminate the distinction between literature and art; third, it puts forward the concept of "intertextuality"; fourth, it opens up a new field of understanding and promotes the status of a new object of understanding, that is, reading. It has greatly expanded the concept of writing, turning creation into writing, and criticism is writing. Text theory should coexist with work theory, and they should go hand in hand. But in the past 40 years of writing practice, criticism practice and reading practice, However, the basic tendency of replacing the view of works with the view of text has gradually emerged, and some negative phenomena have emerged: the fragmentation of the text, the nihilistic tendency of the subject, the infinity of signifier and the theory of "game", which lead to the separation of life; Obviously, it is wrong to continue overhyping text theory, especially to forget and negate the theory of works.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院外国文学研究所;
【分类号】：H0-06

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