《现代汉语词典》（第6版）四音词语研究

发布时间：2018-03-28 15:24

本文选题：《现代汉语词典》　切入点：四音词语　出处：《山西师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文以《现代汉语词典》（以下简称《现汉》）第6版所收6159个四音词语为研究对象，描写现代汉语四音词语的基本特征。文章对《现汉》所收四音词语进行了分类，揭示了各类在《现汉》中所呈现的特点。研究表明，四音词语是《现汉》的重要组成部分，《现汉》对其的处理不仅遵守词典在收词、释义、用例等方面的一般原则，同时也着力体现其个性特征。全文共分四章。第一章绪论部分说明了研究对象和研究意义，论述了选取《现汉》作为语料来源的原因，介绍了前人对《现汉》研究的概况，提出了研究的难点与本文的突破点，介绍了本文的研究方法。第二章简述《现汉》四音词语的界定和分类。首先介绍了前人对四音词语研究的概况，列举了几类比较有影响的观点；本文对四音词语的界定较为接近周荐的观点，但也有所不同，本文认为，《现汉》四音词语是由四个音节构成的“异质复杂”的词汇和语汇的总和。文章把《现汉》所收四音词语分为三大类：四音词、四音词组和四音语。第三章详细论述了《现汉》四音词语的分类，分类的依据主要以“语词分立”理论将四音词语分为四音词汇和四音语汇，又将四音词汇分为四音词和四音词组，其中四音词的分类原则按照《现汉》标注词类进行分类，将《现汉》中的四音词分为五类：名词、动词、形容词、副词、拟声词；将四音词组分为专名词组、一般词组和专科词组三类；语汇分为成语、惯用语、谚语和歇后语四类，同时又按雅俗分类，认为成语中的雅成语属于雅语，惯用语、谚语和歇后语属于俗语。文章将已经具有成语特征的四音名言归入雅成语一类，将结构形式较为特殊的框式结构和四并结构归入成语，并将框式结构划归俗成语一类。对于具有明显俗语特征的四音惯用语、四音谚语和四音歇后语，《现汉》收录较少，文章作了简要说明。研究表明，四音词语是《现汉》重要的组成部分，在词典中所占比例为10%。《现汉》所收四音词语中，以“语”为主，以词为辅，其中成语占绝大多数，，专科词组次之，其他类别数量较少。限于能力，文章对个别词语的归类还不太准确，对数据的统计和分析还存在偏差，有待于进一步研究。
[Abstract]:Taking the 6159 four-syllable words collected in the 6th edition of the Modern Chinese Dictionary (hereinafter referred to as "Xianhan") as the research object, this paper describes the basic characteristics of the four-syllable words in modern Chinese. The paper classifies the four-syllable words accepted in the present Chinese Dictionary. The study shows that four-syllable words are an important part of "Xianhan", and that the processing of "Xianhan" not only obeys the general principles of the dictionary in terms of word collection, interpretation, use case, etc. At the same time, it also focuses on its personality characteristics. The full text is divided into four chapters. The first chapter introduces the object and significance of the research, discusses the reasons for selecting the present Han as the source of the corpus, introduces the general situation of the former research on the present Chinese, and puts forward the difficulties of the research and the breakthrough point of this paper. The research method of this paper is introduced. The second chapter briefly describes the definition and classification of the four-syllable words. Firstly, it introduces the general situation of previous researches on four-syllable words, enumerates several kinds of more influential viewpoints, and the definition of four-syllable words in this paper is close to Zhou's view. However, this paper holds that the four-syllable words are the sum total of "heterogeneous and complex" words and vocabulary composed of four syllables. The four-syllable words and phrases are divided into three categories: four-syllable words, four-syllable phrases and four-syllable words. The third chapter discusses in detail the classification of four-syllable words and phrases. The classification is mainly based on the theory of "word separation", which is divided into four-syllable words and four-syllable words, and four-syllable words into four-syllable words and four-syllable phrases. According to the classification principle of four-syllable words, the four-syllable words in "Xianhan" are classified into five categories: nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, onomatopoeia, and four-syllable phrases are divided into proper names. The general phrases and specialized phrases are divided into four categories: idioms, idioms, proverbs and colloquial phrases. At the same time, according to the classification of elegance and vulgarity, it is considered that the elegant idioms in idioms belong to refined language and idioms. Proverbs and allegorical sayings belong to the common saying. This paper classifies the four-syllable dictum with idiomatic characteristics into the Ya idiom, and classifies the frame structure and the four-parallel structure, which have special structural forms, into idioms. For the four-syllable idioms with obvious idioms, four-syllable proverbs and four-syllable colloquial sayings, "present Han" is less included, and the article gives a brief explanation. The study shows that the four-syllable words are an important part of "present Chinese", and the proportion in the dictionary is 10. Among the four syllable words received, "language" is the main word and words are auxiliary, among which idioms are the majority, followed by specialized phrases. The number of other categories is small, limited to ability, the classification of individual words is not accurate, the statistical and analysis of the data still exist deviation, which needs to be further studied.
【学位授予单位】：山西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H136

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