《当代汉语词典》选收口语词研究

发布时间：2018-03-30 02:20

本文选题：《当代汉语词典》　切入点：口语词　出处：《鲁东大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来随着语言研究的不断深入，口语词的研究越来越多地受到了国内外学者的重视。学术价值较高的论文及专著不断涌现，侧重点各异的口语词典也相继问世。为了利于梳理出国内外对于此问题最核心与主流的观点，我们将找出最有代表性的观点加以列举，在此基础上力求全面。总结一下前人的研究成果，我们可以看到，口语和书面语主要存在着以下几方面的不同。首先，从组成内容上来看，口语是由声音构成的，而书面语是由书面符号构成的。其次，从词汇方面来看，口语词是非正式的词汇，而书面语词是正式准确的词汇。第三，句子结构上，，口语自然即兴书面语构造缜密。第四，语场方面，口语存在一定语境中才能存在。在这种口语词研究的大背景下，《现代汉语词典》也朝着越来越重视口语词研究与收录的方向发展。《现代汉语词典》是一部权威的学术著作，而其中对于口语词的收录情况对于我们今天不管是研究口语词，还是今后的《当代汉语词典》对于口语词的收录都具有指导意义。因而很重要的一点，我们要对《现代汉语词典》里面所收录的口语词进行重新认识。《现代汉语词典》里面确实是对八百余条词条进行了〈口〉的标注，但这种标注标出的并不是全部的口语词，而口语词中最典型的那一部分，除了进行了〈口〉的标注的词条以外，还有几类词也是在《现代汉语词典》里面收录了的口语词的范围之内的。第一，儿化词条。即书面上有时儿化有时不儿化，口语里必须儿化的词。第二，儿化注音。即书面上一般不儿化，但口语里一般儿化的词。第三，轻声词。第四，可读轻声也可不读轻声的词。在这样的基础上，众所期待的《当代汉语词典》在口语词的选收方面也应该有新的突破。在对什么是口语词以及口语词和书面语词的区分有了深入了解的基础上，我们就更多地致力于具体材料的分析与研究上了。我们认为，现在的《现代汉语词典》第五版中对于口语词的收录并不全面，还需要补充更多地口语词条目。为了能够扩大口语词的收词范围，我们分步骤进行了以下几项工作。首先，我们将《现代汉语词典》中收录了口语词摘录出来，供以后做对比比较的研究使用。其次，我们将《现代现代汉语词典》以外比较优秀的口语词典收集起来两两进行比较，找出两本或两本以上的词典都收录了的词语，列成词表，并且找出每个词根据《现代汉语常用词表》所列出的的使用频率。第三，找出五本词典中有三本词典都收录了，并且在《现代汉语常用词表》中属于高频得词语。很显然，这部分词如果是《现代汉语词典》未收录的，在以后的《当代汉语词典》中就应该收录了。就是通过这种方式，通过研究与比较，我们希望可以通过努力，把将来的《当代汉语词典》口语词的收录比例提高到一个新的水平。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the development of language research, more and more scholars at home and abroad have paid more and more attention to the study of spoken words. Papers and monographs of high academic value have been emerging. Oral English dictionaries with different emphases have come out one after another. In order to facilitate sorting out the most central and mainstream views on this issue at home and abroad, we will find out the most representative views to list. On this basis, we try to be comprehensive. After summarizing the previous research results, we can see that oral and written language are mainly different in the following aspects. First, in terms of composition, spoken language is composed of sound. The written language is composed of written symbols. Secondly, from the lexical point of view, spoken words are informal words, while written words are formal and accurate words. Third, in terms of sentence structure, the structure of spoken natural impromptu written words is meticulous. Fourth, In terms of language field, spoken language can only exist in a certain context. Against this background, the Modern Chinese Dictionary is also developing towards the direction of more and more attention to the study and collection of spoken Chinese words. The Modern Chinese Dictionary is an authoritative academic work. Among them, the inclusion of spoken words is of guiding significance for our study of spoken words today, as well as for the collection of oral words in the future, so it is very important. We need to reunderstand the spoken words that are included in the Modern Chinese Dictionary. The Modern Chinese Dictionary does mark more than 800 entries, but not all of them are spoken words. And the most typical part of a spoken word, in addition to an entry marked "mouth", is also within the scope of the colloquial words included in the Modern Chinese Dictionary. First, That is, in writing, sometimes in writing, the word that must be translated in the spoken language. Second, the phonetics. That is, generally not in writing, but generally in the spoken language of the word. Third, the word softly. Fourth, the second, the second, the phonetics of the Pediatrics, but in the spoken language generally not to change, but in the spoken language, the third, the soft voice word. Fourth, A word that can be read softly is also not to be read. On this basis, the "Contemporary Chinese Dictionary", which is expected to have a new breakthrough in the selection and collection of spoken words, is based on an in-depth understanding of what is spoken words and the distinction between spoken words and written words. We are more committed to the analysis and research of specific materials. We believe that the collection of spoken words in the fifth edition of the Modern Chinese Dictionary is not comprehensive. In order to expand the scope of word acceptance, we have carried out the following tasks step by step. First, we extracted the oral words from the Modern Chinese Dictionary. For later comparative studies. Secondly, we collect and compare the better oral dictionaries other than the Modern Chinese Dictionary, and find out the words that have been included in two or more dictionaries and list them into a lexicon. And find out the frequency of use of each word according to the list of Common words in Modern Chinese. Third, find out that three of the five dictionaries are included, and that they are high frequency words in the list of commonly used words in Modern Chinese. If this part of the word is not included in the Modern Chinese Dictionary, it should be included in the later Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese. It is through this way, through research and comparison, that we hope that we can work hard. In the future, the proportion of the oral words in the Contemporary Chinese Dictionary will be raised to a new level.
【学位授予单位】：鲁东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H164

【参考文献】