电视求职面试的会话分析

发布时间：2018-03-30 02:29

本文选题：会话分析　切入点：话轮转换　出处：《哈尔滨师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：会话是话语的一种最基本的形式，而话语是人们语言交流的基本形式，因而许多学者对日常的会话或是机构性的会话进行会话分析，从中发现一些规律和特点。通过对多种会话的研究，研究者们发现不同类型的会话在不同语境中有着其独有的特征。本论文主要是以萨克斯等的会话分析理论为框架，从会话分析的角度对电视求职面试中会话结构进行分析。在以往对求职面试的研究中，多数研究者主要从仪表，面试中参与者双方的语言进行局部的研究，，而鲜有对会话结构进行详尽分析的。本文研究的创新之处则在于对电视求职面试会话的局部结构和整体结构进行深入分析，在关注二人对话的同时，还特别关注参与会话的第三方，即主持人所起到的作用，并对会话过程中所表现出的权势关系进行阐释。电视求职面试作为一种新颖的节目形式，主持人在会话过程中所起到的作用是不可忽视的。因而，作者通过天津卫视“非你莫属”这一求职类节目进行语料的选取和分析，对在这一特殊语境下的会话进行分析研究，发现并总结出其特有的一些特点。对于电视求职面试的局部结构研究，我们主要从话轮转换、相邻对、会话修正、打断和重叠几方面进行分析研究。通过观察分析所收集的语料，发现电视求职面试中参与者的话轮转换规律特征。同时，我们还对权势与话题转换方面的关系进行了阐释。此外，我们还发现会话修正、打断和重叠等话语现象也以不同的比例存在于电视求职面试的会话中，且表现出独有的话语特征。通过研究发现，话轮转换系统基本适用于电视求职面试这种语体，而在话题控制和话轮分配上，主持人和面试官由于身份的特点拥有了更大的主动权。对于会话打断的研究表明，打断这一行为通常由主持人发出，并承载一定的言语功能；而求职者在整个面试过程中则基本没有发出这一行为。在会话修正过程中，参与者更倾向于使用自我修正，相比之下他人修正的现象则出现较少。最后，作者对求职面试的问题类型及其分布进行研究，发现其中的规律并提出了对面试问题的回应策略。本文的研究意义首先在于通过对电视求职面试会话的整体结构和局部结构的深入分析，发现电视求职面试会话的特点，特别是对主持人在会话过程中的作用和所使用的语言特点进行了归纳。其次，对于面试问题的应答策略研究的意义在于，可以帮助未来的面试者提高会话策略，在面试中有一个良好的表现；同时，也能使面试培训机构有一套可行的培训方案来提高学员的面试技巧。再次，通过对面试环节以及面试问题类型的研究，可以使电视制作方参考其特点不断地在节目设计方面进行创新，提高节目的质量和水平，从而赢得更高的收视率。最后，本文丰富了对于不同会话类型的研究，引起人们对国外求职面试会话的研究兴趣。
[Abstract]:Conversation is one of the most basic forms of discourse, and discourse is the basic form of language communication. Through the study of many kinds of conversation, researchers find that different types of conversation have their own characteristics in different contexts. This thesis is mainly based on the conversational analysis theory of saxophone, and analyzes the conversational structure of TV job interview from the perspective of conversational analysis. Part of the language of the participants in the interview, but few detailed analysis of the conversational structure. The innovation of this study is the in-depth analysis of the local structure and the overall structure of TV job interview conversation. While paying close attention to the conversation between the two people, they also pay special attention to the role played by the third party in the conversation, that is, the host, and explain the power relationship shown during the conversation. As a novel program form, TV job interview. The role played by the host in the process of conversation cannot be ignored. Therefore, through the selection and analysis of the corpus of Tianjin Satellite TV's "you are not your own" program, the author makes an analysis and study of the conversation in this special context. Some special features are found and summarized. For the study of local structure of TV job interview, we analyze and study mainly from the following aspects: turn-switching, adjoining pair, conversation correction, interruption and overlap. In addition, we also explained the relationship between power and topic change. In addition, we also found conversation correction. The phenomenon of interruption and overlap also exists in different proportions in the conversation of TV job interview, and shows unique discourse characteristics. Through the research, it is found that the turn-switching system is basically suitable for the TV job interview style, but in topic control and turn-around assignment, The moderator and interviewer have more initiative because of their identity. The research on conversation interruption shows that the behavior of interrupting is usually sent out by the host and carries certain speech function. In the process of session correction, participants were more likely to use self-correction, while others were less likely to correct. Finally, The author studies the types and distribution of job interview questions, finds out the rules and puts forward some strategies to respond to the interview questions. The purpose of this paper is to find out the characteristics of TV job interview conversation by analyzing the whole structure and local structure of TV job interview conversation. In particular, the role of the moderator in the conversation process and the language characteristics used are summarized. Secondly, the significance of the research on the interview question response strategy is that it can help the future interviewee to improve the conversation strategy. At the same time, the interview training organization has a set of feasible training programs to improve the interview skills. Thirdly, by studying the interview process and the type of interview questions, It can make TV producers make innovations in program design, improve the quality and level of programs, and win higher ratings. Finally, this paper enriches the research on different conversation types. To arouse people's interest in foreign job interview conversation research.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H136

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