描摹性副词的自主与非自主

发布时间：2018-04-04 12:11

本文选题：自主/非自主描摹性副词　切入点：句式选择　出处：《辽宁大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：论文以张谊生《现代汉语副词研究》中的描摹性副词（在句法上可以充当动词的准定语，句中位序比较固定，一般只能紧贴中心语，主要是用来对相关行为、状态进行描述、刻画的）为研究对象。将“自主”“非自主”这一对概念应用于描摹性副词的研究，力求为自主描摹性副词和非自主描摹性副词做合理的区分，并详细比较二者在几个常见句式的选择情况、与自主非自主动词的共现情况以及自主描摹性副词和非自主描摹性副词的共现情况。首先，利用原型范畴理论和语义特征分析的方法将描摹性副词分为自主描摹性副词和非自主描摹性副词两个原型范畴，列举了部分典型成员和非典型成员。对于分类过程中二者受语境和句子动态影响的情况也做了分析。其次，为便于研究依据语义特点将描摹性副词分为意志类、时机类、同独类、依照类、状态类、方式类六类。选取现代汉语典型的常见句式“被字句”“把字句”和“祈使句”对以上六类中的自主描摹性副词和非自主描摹性副词的句式选择情况进行考察。经过大量语料的验证发现自主/非自主描摹性副词都有部分成员能够进入把字句，而自主描摹性副词中的多数成员能够进入把字句且部分成员在把字句中位置比较自由。非自主描摹性副词只有少数成员能够进入把字句且在句子位置比较固定。对自主/非自主描摹性副词能否进入把字句及在把字句中的位置是否自由的影响因素很多。例如把字句中VP的组成成分、描摹性副词的语义指向、整体句式义和普遍的语言习惯等。再次，鉴于“自主”“非自主”概念最初是被应用于动词研究的事实，分析了自主描摹性副词和非自主描摹性副词与自主动词和非自主动词的共现情况，对于常见的情态动词的共现情况也进行了考察。发现自主动词可以受意志类、时机类、同独类、依照类、方式类各类自主描摹性副词的修饰。非自主动词极少受自主描摹性副词修饰，在受自主描摹性副词修饰后非自主动词会临时获得自主意义。非自主描摹性副词只有少数成员可以依赖语境修饰自主动词。能够修饰非自主动词的非自主描摹性副词多为书面语且以带后缀“然”的居多。最后，考虑到副词在使用过程中经常会出现连用的情况，继续考察了自主/非自主描摹性副词的连用情况。只有自主描摹性副词内部连用的情况比较常见，，但连用时位置相对固定。非自主描摹性副词内部连用的情况极少。两类之间只有非自主描摹性副词中的状态类和自主描摹性副词中的同独类可以连用，而且连用时的顺序基本固定。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the descriptive adverbs in Zhang Yisheng's A study of adverbs in Modern Chinese (syntactically can be used as quasi-attributive of verbs, the middle order of sentences are relatively fixed, generally can only stick to the central language, mainly used to describe the related behavior and state.Depict) as the object of study.The co-occurrence of autonomous and involuntary verbs and the co-occurrence of autonomous descriptive adverbs and non-autonomous descriptive adverbs.The influence of context and sentence dynamics on the classification process is also analyzed.Secondly, according to the semantic characteristics, the descriptive adverbs are divided into six categories: will, timing, identity, state and mode.This paper selects the typical sentence patterns of "Bei" and "Ba" and "imperative sentence" in modern Chinese to investigate the selection of autonomous descriptive adverbs and non-autonomous descriptive adverbs in the above six categories.It is found that some members of autonomous / involuntary tracing adverbs can enter the Ba sentence, while most members of the autonomous descriptive adverbs can enter the Ba sentence and some of the members are free to position in the Ba sentence.Only a few members of an involuntary descriptive adverb can enter the sentence and are fixed in the position of the sentence.There are many factors affecting whether autonomous / involuntary descriptive adverbs can enter the Ba sentence and whether the position in the Ba sentence is free or not.For example, the composition of VP in sentence, the semantic direction of descriptive adverb, the whole sentence meaning and the general language habit, etc.Thirdly, in view of the fact that the concept of "autonomy" and "non-autonomy" was initially applied to the study of verbs, this paper analyzes the co-occurrence of autonomous descriptive adverbs and non-autonomous descriptive adverbs with autonomous verbs and non-autonomous verbs.The common co-occurrence of modal verbs is also investigated.It is found that autonomous verbs can be modified by various kinds of autonomous descriptive adverbs, such as will, timing, identity, according to class and mode.The involuntary verbs are rarely modified by autonomous descriptive adverbs, and the involuntary verbs can gain the autonomous meaning temporarily after being modified by the autonomous descriptive adverbs.Only a few members of non-autonomous descriptive adverbs can modify autonomous verbs depending on context.The non-autonomous descriptive adverbs which can modify the non-autonomous verbs are mostly written words with the suffix "ran".Finally, considering that adverbs are often used in conjunction in the process of use, we continue to investigate the conjunctions of autonomous / involuntary descriptive adverbs.Only autonomous descriptive adverbs used in the internal situation is more common, but the position is relatively fixed.There are very few cases in which the internal conjunction of involuntary descriptive adverbs is used.Between the two classes, only the state class in the non-autonomous descriptive adverbs and the identical classes in the autonomous descriptive adverbs can be used together, and the order of the continuous use time is basically fixed.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146

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