《说文解字》言部字意义系统研究

发布时间：2018-04-05 18:12

本文选题：说文解字　切入点：言部字　出处：《南京师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：《说文解字》是我国第一部系统完备的字典,作者许慎收集五经之字,首按部首编排法将9353个汉字分别部居于540个部首之中,而且根据六书理论分析字形,解说字义。同时,《说文解字》以释义的方式贮存着上古文献的词义,这些词义反映着上古社会生活的方方面面,从文化意义上说,它又是一部上古社会的百科全书。本文以《说文解字》言部字为研究对象,采用传统的字形分析、同源字系联等方法来全面考释和梳理《说文》言部245字的本义,构建起言部字的意义系统,并将言部字分成表行为的言部字、表态度的言部字、表状态的言部字三个大类,每一大类又根据意义特征分成若干小组,通过分类分组的考证和比较来阐发言部字所蕴藏的文化信息。本文绪论部分总结了前人关于《说文解字》以及《说文解字》言部字研究的成果,并交代了本文的写作思路和方法。第一章阐释了“言”字的含义,构建起了言部字的意义系统。第二章表行为的言部字,总结归纳了《说文》言部字中所有表示行为的字,并将意义相同或相近的字归为一组,发现表指责行为、诽谤行为、议谋行为的字数量最多。接着从表指责行为、诽谤行为、议谋行为、讽诵行为、证谏行为、称赞行为的字中分别选取一些,考察其造字理据,阐释其所反映的文化义。第三章表态度的言部字,将表态度的言部字分成表正面态度和表负而态度两类。其中正面态度又分成诚信诚恳、谨慎恭敬、和谐和美、智慧聪明四个小类。负面态度则分成欺诈、大言、伪言三类。然后从这七个小类中分别选取一些字进行考释和解说。通过研究我们发现,表正面态度的字的语源一般跟“重”“少”“小”有关,而表负面态度的字的语源一般跟“轻”“多”“大”有关,二者正好相反。第四章表状态的言部字,分为心理状态和物理状态两类。心理状态与心情有关,物理状态与声音的大小、语速的快慢、话语的多少有关。通过分析,我们发现与心情有关的言部字大多与《说文》心部的字相通,表示物理状态的字则多与《说文》口部的字相通。而且表悲愤心情、声音吵闹、话语很多的字要比表达喜悦心情、安静环境、话语少的字多得多。此章,我们仅选取表愉悦心情和悲愤心情的字做一点解说。
[Abstract]:Shuowenjiezi is the first systematic dictionary in our country. The author collects the characters of the five Classics by the method of radical arrangement, and according to the method of radical arrangement, 9353 Chinese characters are divided into 540 radicals, and according to the theory of six books, the characters are analyzed and interpreted.At the same time, Shuo Wen Jie Zi stores the meaning of ancient literature in the way of interpretation, which reflects all aspects of ancient social life. In cultural sense, it is an encyclopedia of ancient society.In this paper, the author takes the word "Shuo Wen Jie Zi" as the object of study, uses the methods of traditional glyph analysis and homologous character combination to comprehensively explain and comb the meaning of "Shuowen > Yanduo 245 words, and to construct the meaning system of the word" Yanbu ".And divide the word into three categories: the word of behavior, the word of attitude, the word of state, each of which is divided into several groups according to the characteristics of meaning.The textual research and comparison of classification and grouping are used to explain the cultural information contained in Yandou character.In the introduction part of this paper, the author summarizes the results of previous researches on the characters of Shuo Wen Jie Zi and Shuo Wen Jie Zi, and explains the writing ideas and methods of this paper.The first chapter explains the meaning of the word "Yan" and constructs the meaning system of the word "Yan".In the second chapter, the author summarizes all the words in the word "Shuo Wen", and classifies the words with the same or similar meanings into a group, and finds that the number of the words "accusation", "libel" and "conspiracy" are the most.Then we choose some of the characters of accusation, libel, negotiation, sarcasm, admonition and praise respectively, and study their motivation and explain the cultural meaning reflected by them.In Chapter 3, the word of attitude is divided into positive attitude and negative attitude.Positive attitude is divided into honesty and sincerity, cautious deference, harmony and beauty, wisdom and cleverness.Negative attitudes are classified into three categories: fraud, big talk, and false speech.Then select some words from the seven subcategories to explain and explain.We find that the etymological source of positive attitude is generally related to "emphasizing" "less" and "small", while the etymology of negative attitude is generally related to "light", "more" and "big", which is the opposite.The fourth chapter lists the words of states, which are divided into two categories: mental state and physical state.The state of mind is related to the mood, the physical state to the size of the sound, the speed of speech, and the number of words.Through analysis, we find that most of the words related to mood are related to the words of the heart, and the words indicating the physical state are mostly related to the words of the mouth.Moreover, there are many more words to express sorrow, anger, noise and words than to express joy, quiet environment, and few words.In this chapter, we only select the words of pleasure and sadness.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H161

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