现代汉语“随X”类方式词研究

发布时间：2018-04-06 03:07

本文选题：方式词　切入点：语义指向　出处：《淮北师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文所选取的研究对象是现代汉语中较常用的方式词“随X”类，包括“随口”、“随手”、“随身”、“随脚”、“随笔”、“随机”、“随地”、“随后”、“随时”、“随处”这十个词。本文在借鉴前人研究成果的基础之上，，从语言事实入手，首先对其做为方式词的基本状况进行较准确的描写和概括，然后对其与动词的选择限制作了分析，再着重探讨其词汇化、语法化历程，以期达到分析它在现代汉语中的发展及使用规律的目的。绪论部分介绍了本文的研究对象、价值、意义、现状、存在问题及研究方法、理论，着重对研究现状做了介绍，并对语料来源进行了说明。第一章从共时静态的角度探讨了“随X”类方式词的语义特征和语义指向。通过意义将其分成两小类，以“随口”为代表的方式词具有[+自主][+动作][+有生][+随意][+没经过思考][+人的肢体或人体借助外物发出的动作]的语义特征，其语义指向句子的施事；以“随机”为代表的方式词具有[+自主][+动作][+有生][-具体时间、范围限制]的语义特征，其语义指向句子的动作。第二章从共时与历时相结合的层面来分析“随X”类方式词与动词音节和语义的选择限制。从动词音节来看，它主要与双音节动词搭配；从动词语义来看，它与自主动词搭配受限较少，与非自主动词搭配所受限制较多。第三章从历时动态的角度首先分析了“随X”类方式词的共同语素“随”的意义和词性演变：由能够独立运用、表示实际意义的动词演变为不能单独使用、表示句中语法关系的介词，再虚化为黏着的、只表示语素意义的语素。其次在搜集到的语料基础上对“口”、“手”、“身”、“脚”、“笔”、“机”、“地”、“后”、“时”、“处”与“随”组成的合成词的词汇化、语法化历程进行了分析。再次，对“随X”类方式词的词汇化、语法化动因做了简要说明。最后是结语部分。纵观全文，从语义指向到与动词的选择限制，再到词汇化、语法化，本文较为全面的展示了“随X”类作为方式词的特征及与其他词类的异同。
[Abstract]:The research object of this paper is "with X", which is commonly used in modern Chinese, including "random", "anytime", "accompanied", "with foot", "essay", "random", "anywhere", "followed", "anytime", "at any time", "with foot", "with writing", "random", "anywhere", "afterwards", "at any time".The ten words "everywhere".On the basis of the previous research results, this paper begins with the linguistic facts, first describes and generalizes the basic situation of the words as a mode word, and then analyzes its limitations on the choice of verbs.Then it discusses the process of lexicalization and grammaticalization in order to analyze its development and usage in modern Chinese.The introduction part introduces the research object, value, significance, status quo, existing problems and research methods, theory, and emphatically introduces the research status, and explains the source of the corpus.The first chapter discusses the semantic features and semantic direction of "with X" type words from the synchronic and static point of view.By dividing it into two subcategories of meaning, the words represented by "casually" have the semantic characteristics of [autonomous] [action] [living] [random] [without thinking] [human body or human body acting with the aid of external objects],Its semantic points to the agent of the sentence, and the "random" mode word has the semantic characteristics of "autonomous] [action] [living] [-specific time, scope limit], and its semantic direction is the action of the sentence."The second chapter analyzes the constraints of "with X" style words and verb syllables and semantics from the perspective of synchronic and diachronic combination.From the perspective of verb syllables, it is mainly collocated with dicyllabic verbs, and from the verb semantic point of view, its collocation with autonomous verbs is less restricted, and with non-autonomous verbs is more limited.In chapter 3, from the diachronic point of view, we first analyze the meaning and part of speech evolution of the common morpheme of "with X" type words: from the verbs which can be used independently and represent the actual meaning, they can not be used alone.A preposition that represents grammatical relations in a sentence, and then becomes adherent and represents morphemes only.Secondly, on the basis of the collected data, the words "mouth", "hand", "body", "foot", "pen", "machine", "ground", "hou", "Shi", "place" and "accompanying" are lexicalized.The process of grammaticalization is analyzed.Thirdly, the lexicalization and grammaticalization motivation of "with X" type words are briefly explained.The last part is the conclusion.Throughout the thesis, from semantic orientation to choice restriction of verbs, to lexicalization and grammaticalization, this paper comprehensively shows the characteristics of "with X" as a mode word and its similarities and differences with other parts of speech.
【学位授予单位】：淮北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：H146

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