东北、北京、江淮官话动兼方类词研究

发布时间：2018-04-08 21:27

本文选题：动兼方类词　切入点：东北官话　出处：《华中师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：动兼方类词是出现在“往+回+V”结构中“回”所代表的一类词,它们既具有动词的性质,同时又兼含方位词的性质,常以单音节的形式出现在结构中。“往+…+V”结构,是动兼方类词出现的依托结构。前关联要素介词一般是“往”,亦可替换为“朝”、“向”等词。后关联要素动词多为单音节行为动词,亦有动词前加“一”、动词重叠、动词后接宾语或补语的变化形式。动兼方类词集中出现在汉语方言中,基于此,本人对东北官话哈阜片、吉沈片、北京官话京承片及江淮官话黄孝片中的动兼方类词及其依托结构中的前后关联要素进行针对性研究。本论文参照赵元任《湖北方言调查报告》和北大郭锐教授指导的优秀硕士毕业论文《汉语趋向动词用作方向词现象初探》的调查方法,考察了动兼方类词及其前后关联要素在东北官话、北京官话和江淮官话中八个方言调查点的出现情况,以下是大致的调查结果：一、东北官话、北京官话和江淮官话动兼方类词的词位情况。东北官话区动兼方类词词位：巴彦县共有5个,分别是“过、回、出、起、下”；长春市绿园区共有7个,分别是“过、回、进、出、起、下、死”；吉林市龙潭区共有6个,分别为“回、出、开、起、下、死”；辽阳市宏伟区共有8个,分别为“回、出、开、散、起、下、断、死”；辽阳市白塔区共有4个,分别为“回、出、开、下”。北京官话区动兼方类词词位：北京市海淀区共有3个,分别为“回、起、下”；北京市房山区共有5个,分别为“回、进、出、起、下”。江淮官话中孝昌县动兼方类词共有5个,分别为“回、转、进、拢、下”。二、东北官话、北京官话京和江淮官话介词的使用情况。八个方言调查点中,介词“往”使用最为普遍,其中,巴彦县、长春市绿园区、辽阳市白塔区和北京市房山区只用“往”,北京市海淀区“往”可以替换为“朝”,吉林市龙潭区、辽阳市宏伟区和孝昌县“往”可以替换为“朝”、“向”。三、东北官话、北京官话和江淮官话核心动词的变化形式。八个方言调查点中,单音节行为动词变化形式可以分为动词前加“一”、动词重叠、动词后接宾语和动词后接补语四种形式。就各形式出现的普遍程度看,程度最高的是动词重叠,其次是动词后接补语,再次是动词前加“一”,出现最少的是动词后接宾语。据考察,动兼方类词特征是：一、语义特征。动兼方类词的语义总体概括为与由某位置或状态至另一位置或状态的行为相应的方向义,其中兼含两个方面内容：一是由某位置或状态至另一位置或状态的行为义；二是与行为方向相一致的方向义。二、语法特征。动兼方类词与介词“往”等组合,充任介词的宾语,共同组成介宾结构之后充作“V”的状语。
[Abstract]:Verb and square word is a kind of word which appears in "back V" structure. It has the properties of verb and orientation, and often appears in the form of monosyllabic."to...V "structure is the supporting structure of verb and square word."Prerelational prepositions are usually "to", and can be replaced by "Chao", "Xiang" and so on.Most of the postrelated elements of verbs are monosyllabic behavioral verbs, but also there are verbs before the addition of "one", verb overlap, verb followed by object or complement changes.The words of verb and square appear in Chinese dialects. Based on this, I make a study of Hafu and Jisheng in Northeast Mandarin.This paper makes a targeted study of the verb and square words in the Beijing Mandarin and the Jiang-Huai Huangxiao films and the related elements in their supporting structure.This thesis refers to the investigation methods of Zhao Yuanren's "investigation report on Hubei dialect" and Guo Rui's excellent master's thesis "the phenomenon of Chinese directional verbs as directional words".This paper investigates the occurrence of eight dialects in Northeast Mandarin, Beijing Mandarin and Jianghuai Mandarin, and the following are the results of the investigation: first, Northeast Mandarin;Beijing Mandarin and Jianghuai Mandarin verb and square word position situation.There are five words in Bayan County, which are "over, back, out, up, down"; there are seven green parks in Changchun, which are "past, back, in, out, up, down, dead"; and there are six in Longtan District of Jilin City.They are respectively "back, out, open, rise, lower, die"; in Hongwei District, Liaoyang City, there are eight, which are respectively "back, out, open, scattered, up, down, broken, dead"; and there are four in Baita District of Liaoyang City, which are respectively "back, out, open, and down."There are 3 words in Haidian District of Beijing, which are "back, up, down", and five in Fangshan District of Beijing, which are respectively "back, in, out, up and down".In Jianghuai official dialect, there are 5 kinds of words in Xiaochang County, which are "return, turn, advance, close up, go down".Second, the usage of prepositions in the Northeast Mandarin, Beijing Mandarin and Jianghuai Mandarin.Among the eight dialect survey sites, the preposition "go" is most commonly used. Among them, Bayan County, Changchun City Green Park, Liaoyang City Baita District and Beijing Fangshan District only use "go", and Haidian District of Beijing can be replaced by "Chao".Longtan District of Jilin City, Hongwei District of Liaoyang City and Xiaochang County can be replaced by "Chao" and "Xiang".Third, the change form of the core verbs of Northeast Mandarin, Beijing Mandarin and Jianghuai Mandarin.In the eight dialect investigation points, the changing forms of monosyllabic behavioral verbs can be divided into four forms: one before verbs, one verb overlap, four forms verb followed by object and verb followed by complement.In terms of the universal degree of each form, the highest degree is verb reduplication, the second is verb followed by complement, the third is verb followed by "one", and the least appears after verb followed by object.According to investigation, the features of verb and square words are as follows: first, semantic features.The semantic meaning of verb and square word is summed up as the direction meaning corresponding to the behavior from one position or state to another, including two aspects: one is the behavior meaning from one position or state to another position or state;The second is the direction meaning consistent with the behavior direction.Second, grammatical features.The combination of verb and square word and preposition "go" acts as the object of the preposition and acts as the adverbial of "V" after the structure of introduction object.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：H17

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