莫言小说《蛙》中言语礼貌的认知语用研究

发布时间：2018-04-13 11:36

本文选题：概念整合 + 关联理论　；参考：《湖南农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：在交际活动中,要想成功完成交际,关键是说话要礼貌,举止要文明,态度要谦恭,言语要得体。现实生活中由于语言使用不当而引起误解或者分歧和争端的情况不乏其例。因此,如何正确而礼貌地使用语言,以进行正常而有效的交际,便成了语言学家们十分关注的研究课题。本文以《蛙》中的言语礼貌为语料,分别从认知语言学中的概念整合理论的角度出发构建一个言语礼貌的生成机制以及从语用学中的关联理论的角度出发构建一个言语礼貌的理解机制,以期建立一个言语礼貌完整的生成-理解机制,帮助交际双方正确的使用和理解言语礼貌,让交际成功的进行下去。首先,关于礼貌的生成,通过分析语料,作者发现对言语礼貌的生成产生影响的社会因素主要是交际双方的相对权势。然后,作者分别从四个概念整合网络的角度分析了言语礼貌的生成机制。并得出了以下结论：(1)当说话人只是想表达简单的日常礼貌,那么他会在单一框架网络中合成两个输入空间；(2)当实现两个输入空间整合的结果几乎不可能时,说话人即会通过框架网络整合这两个输入空间；(3)当一个输入空间的内容同时包含了褒扬意义和贬损意义的时候,为了表达礼貌,说话人会通过单向网络来整合两个输入空间；(4)当一个输入空间为听话人,另一个输入空间里的内容仅包含褒扬意义的时候,那么这两个输入空间一般都是在双向网络中整合的。其次,本文主要从关联理论的角度来分析礼貌的理解。关联理论是-个明示-推理的过程,但从听话人的角度来看,交际中的关联实际只是一个推理的过程。作者认为当听话人接收到说话人传递的信息时,第一步应该是识别出说话人想要表达礼貌的这种意图,然后在认知语境的基础上为了取得最佳关联付出最大的推理努力。但是推理的过程往往受到个人因素的影响,这四个个人因素分别为：(1)先存经验的不同；(2)对语境的不同评价；(3)意向的动态变化性；(4)个体不同的凸显方法。最后,在生成机制和理解机制的基础上,作者再综合出一个整体的生成-理解机制。到目前为止,对礼貌的生成机制和理解机制的研究仍非常缺乏,作者希望通过这篇文章引发大家对礼貌现象的关注,同时唤起学者们对各语用现象本质研究的热忱,为以后的研究做铺垫。
[Abstract]:The key to successful communication is to be polite, polite, courteous and appropriate.In real life, there are many examples of misunderstanding or disagreement caused by improper use of language.Therefore, how to use language correctly and politely in order to communicate properly and effectively has become a research topic that linguists pay close attention to.Based on the speech politeness in Frog,From the perspective of conceptual integration theory in cognitive linguistics, we construct a speech politeness generation mechanism and a speech politeness understanding mechanism from the perspective of relevance theory in pragmatics.The purpose of this paper is to establish a complete generation-understanding mechanism of speech politeness, to help both sides to use and understand speech politeness correctly, and to make the communication go on successfully.First of all, on the generation of politeness, by analyzing the corpus, the author finds that the social factors that influence the formation of verbal politeness are mainly the relative power of the communicative parties.Then, the author analyzes the generation mechanism of speech politeness from the angle of integrating four concepts.And the following conclusion is drawn: 1) when the speaker only wants to express simple everyday politeness, then he will synthesize two input spaces in a single frame network) when the result of integrating the two input spaces is almost impossible.The speaker will integrate the two input spaces through the framework network.) when the content of an input space contains both positive and derogatory meanings, in order to express politeness,The speaker will integrate two input spaces through a one-way network. When one input space is a hearer and the other input space contains only praise meaning, then the two input spaces are generally integrated in a two-way network.Secondly, this paper mainly analyzes the understanding of politeness from the angle of relevance theory.Relevance theory is an ostensive-inferential process, but from the perspective of hearer, relevance in communication is only a process of reasoning.The author holds that when the addressee receives the message from the speaker, the first step should be to identify the speaker's intention of expressing politeness, and then to make the greatest effort to obtain the best relevance on the basis of cognitive context.However, the process of reasoning is often influenced by individual factors. These four factors are: 1) the difference of pre-existing experience (2) the different evaluation of context and (3) the dynamic variation of intention.Finally, on the basis of generating mechanism and understanding mechanism, the author synthesizes a whole generation-understanding mechanism.Up to now, there is still a lack of research on the mechanism of politeness generation and understanding. The author hopes to draw attention to politeness phenomena and arouse the enthusiasm of scholars on the nature of pragmatic phenomena.Pave the way for future research.
【学位授予单位】：湖南农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：H136

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