试论连贯条件下知觉视点的一般移动规则

发布时间：2018-04-14 18:41

本文选题：语篇连贯 + 知觉视点　；参考：《四川外国语大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：众所周知，一个连贯的语篇必然体现着连贯的视点，而连贯视点的特征之一就是视点移动的有序性，即视点的移动应该遵循由已知到未知的人类认知顺序.在4类语篇视点中，知觉视点关注知觉的对象，是信息的载体，因此，在讨论语篇连贯时，特别是语义连贯时，更多的是知觉视点在起着作用，从根本上决定着语义的连贯。鉴于此，本文从语篇视点理论出发，对知觉视点的一般移动规则进行探讨。本文所涉及的连贯均为局部连贯，即语义连贯。本文通过对知觉视点在记叙文、描述文、说明文和议论文这四类语篇中的一般移动规律的研究，发现知觉视点移动的规律主要体现在时间、空间和逻辑三个方面。时间上大致存在着“从过去到现在”（无标记），“从现在到过去”（有标记）以及“从现在到过去再到现在”（有标记）三种顺序；在空间上大致存在着“从整体到部分”（无标记），“从部分到整体”（有标记），“从外到内”（无标记），“从内到外”（有标记），“从上到下”（无标记），“从下到上”（有标记）六种顺序；在逻辑上大致存在着“从一般到特殊”（无标记），“从特殊到一般”（有标记），“从抽象到具体”（无标记），“从具体到抽象”（有标记），“从原因到结果”（无标记），“从结果到原因”（有标记）六种顺序。并且，通过分析发现，，有时，在同一个语篇中，视点的移动顺序并不总是单一的，它可以同时存在着两种或两种以上的移动顺序。但这并不意味着视点移动顺序的繁杂和混乱，因为一个连贯的语篇通常只表达一个主题，相应地有一个总体的语篇视点，其它各部分都是围绕着这个主题展开，各部分视点都受制于这个总体的语篇视点之下。因此，无论一个语篇存在着多少种顺序，总是只有一种顺序占主导在支配着其他顺序。此外，知觉视点的这些移动顺序并不是任意或偶然体现出来的，而是与人类的认知体验，尤其是象似性和识解方式有着极大的关系。例如，视点移动的无标记顺序体现了人类认知的顺序象似性，而有标记的移动顺序则体现了标记象似性。最后，从每类语篇中随机抽取10篇进行抽样调查后发现：在这四类语篇中，无标记移动顺序的语篇均多余有标记的语篇，其所占比例在叙述语篇中为60%，描述语篇中为66.7%，说明性语篇中为66.7%以及议论性语篇中为80%。这组数据再次说明了人类的认知基本上都遵循着从无到有，从已知到未知的规律，这恰好与知觉视点的特性相符。因此，本文的研究结果不仅阐释了知觉视点的移动与连贯之间的关系，而且还发现了其移动规律背后的认知动因，这对语篇连贯的阐述提供了一个新的视角。
[Abstract]:It is well known that a coherent text is bound to embody a coherent viewpoint, and one of the features of coherent viewpoint is the order of viewpoint movement, that is, the movement of viewpoint should follow the human cognitive order from known to unknown.In the four kinds of discourse viewpoints, perceptual viewpoints focus on the objects of perception, which is the carrier of information. Therefore, in the discussion of discourse coherence, especially in semantic coherence, more perceptual viewpoints play a role, which fundamentally determines semantic coherence.In view of this, this paper discusses the general movement rules of perceptual viewpoint from the perspective theory of discourse.The coherence involved in this paper is local coherence, that is semantic coherence.Through the study of the general laws of movement of perceptual viewpoint in narrative, descriptive, narrative and argumentative texts, it is found that the law of perceptual viewpoint movement is mainly embodied in three aspects: time, space and logic.There are three kinds of order in time: "from the past to the present" (unmarked), "from the present to the past" (marked) and "from the present to the past and then to the present" (marked);In space, there is roughly "from whole to part" (unmarked), "from part to whole" (marked), "from outside to inside" (unmarked), "from inside to outside" (marked), "from top to bottom" (unmarked)"(marked)" (marked) in six order;Logically, there are "from general to special" (unmarked), "from special to general" (marked), "from abstract to concrete" (unmarked), "from specific to abstract" (marked to abstract, "from cause to result") (Unmarked, "from result to cause" (marked) in six order.Furthermore, it is found that sometimes, in the same text, the viewpoint movement order is not always single, it can exist at the same time two or more kinds of moving order.However, this does not mean the complexity and confusion of the sequence of view movements, because a coherent text usually expresses only one topic, corresponding to a general discourse perspective, and the rest of the text is organized around this topic.Each part of the point of view is subject to this overall discourse perspective.Therefore, no matter how many sequences exist in a text, only one order dominates the others.In addition, the sequence of movements of perceptual viewpoints is not arbitrary or accidental, but has a great relationship with human cognitive experience, especially iconicity and understanding.For example, the unmarked sequence of view movement reflects the sequence iconicity of human cognition, while the marked order of movement reflects marked iconicity.Finally, a random sampling of 10 texts from each type of discourse is carried out. It is found that in these four types of discourse, the unmarked moving order of the text is superfluous to the marked text.Its proportion is 60 in narrative discourse, 66.7% in descriptive discourse, 66.7% in descriptive discourse and 80% in argumentative discourse.The data once again show that human cognition basically follows the law from scratch, from known to unknown, which coincides with the characteristics of perceptual viewpoint.Therefore, the present study not only explains the relationship between perceptual viewpoint movement and coherence, but also finds the cognitive motivation behind the movement law, which provides a new perspective for discourse coherence.
【学位授予单位】：四川外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H05

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