汉语中英源外来词的生命力差异性研究及其翻译

发布时间：2018-04-18 00:26

本文选题：英源外来词 + 生命力差异性　；参考：《中国海洋大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：外来词是语言接触和文化交流的产物。汉语通过与不同语言之间的交流、借贷而不断地得到丰富。特别是随着英语作为国际通用语言，大量的英源外来词涌入汉语，不仅填补了某些概念的空白，也极大地丰富着汉语的表达方式。英源外来词在汉语词汇中的重要影响激发了人们对其研究兴趣。本文将从英源外来词的生命力特性角度来探讨其发展和翻译。英源外来词在其生命力特性上存在着差异：有些外来词一经引进就得到长久的使用，表现出强大的生命力，如“沙发”，“幽默”，“卡片”等；有些外来词则生命力相对较弱，使用不久就被新创造的词所替代而从语言中消失，如“德律风”被“电话”代替，“德谟克拉西”被“民主”代替；除此之外还有一些外来词表现出弹性的生命力，在语言中服务一段时间后被更适合的新词代替而淡出人们的视线，但沉寂一段时间后又卷土重来成为流行用语，如“麦克风”，“沙司”等。因此，本文旨在针对这种现象通过搜集整理数据而探索总结出外来词生命力差异性的规律，综合分析造成这种现象的各种可能因素，从而为以后的英语新概念的译介提供理论指导。本文通过定量分析从相关词典和文献中搜集的数据，对英源外来词的生命力差异性规律得出以下结论：早期对外来词的译介以音译为主，但其中大部分的纯音译外来词都已经不再使用；意译词经常取代音译词作为正式语言，但如今这种趋势得到了挑战，一些音译词比意译词表现出了优越性。这种现象的产生是诸多因素共同作用的结果，本文总结分析了其中主要的影响因素，如语言习惯的要求、语言使用的经济原则、求同和求异心理以及翻译中的“信达雅”理念。这些因素共同影响着词语的生命力，因此在翻译外来概念时要考虑到每一个影响因素从而使新创造的词能够在汉语中存活并有效地为语言服务。基于对现象和原因的分析，文章为未来英语新概念的译介提供了理论指导，认为应当把意译作为翻译新词的主要手段，因为意译更加符合汉语语言习惯，，但如果音译能够很好地体现出原词的形式和内容上的特性时使用音译也未尝不可；不同的情况下应该采取不同的翻译策略来满足人们用词的需求，如“party”这个词对于年轻人可以音译成“派对”来满足他们对于新奇、时髦的追求，而在正式场合则应意译为“聚会”来满足用词的庄重性；另外在任何情况下都要遵循语言使用的经济原则，确保翻译时选词的简洁及通俗易懂。本研究致力于从具体数据总结出一般规律，从表面现象演绎出背后解释，从研究结果发散出指导理论，希望对汉语词汇的发展有所裨益。
[Abstract]:Loanwords are the product of language contact and cultural exchange.Chinese is enriched by communication with different languages, borrowing and borrowing.Especially with English as an international language, a large number of English loanwords pour into Chinese, which not only fills the blank of some concepts, but also greatly enriches the expression of Chinese.The important influence of English loanwords in Chinese vocabulary has aroused people's interest in their research.This paper discusses the development and translation of loanwords from the perspective of their vitality.There are differences in the vitality characteristics of English loan words: some loanwords are used for a long time once they are introduced, showing strong vitality, such as "sofa", "humor", "card" and so on;Some loanwords have relatively weak vitality and are soon replaced by newly created words and disappear from the language, such as "telephone" and "Democraci" replaced by "democracy";In addition, some loanwords show flexible vitality, after serving in the language for a period of time by more suitable new words and fade out of line of sight, but after a period of silence and then come back to become popular words, such as "microphone,""sauce," etc.Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to sum up the law of the vitality difference of loanwords by collecting and arranging data, and to analyze comprehensively the possible factors that cause this phenomenon.So as to provide theoretical guidance for the translation of new English concepts.Based on the quantitative analysis of the data collected from relevant dictionaries and literature, this paper draws the following conclusions: transliteration is the main source of transliteration in the early translation of loanwords.But most of the pure transliteration loanwords are no longer used; free translation often replaces transliteration as an official language, but now this trend has been challenged, with some transliterated words showing superiority over free transliteration words.The emergence of this phenomenon is the result of many factors acting together. This paper summarizes and analyzes the main influencing factors, such as the requirements of language habits, the economic principles of language use, the psychology of seeking common ground and seeking differences, and the concept of "faithfulness and elegance" in translation.These factors affect the vitality of words together, so we should take into account each factor in the translation of foreign concepts so that the newly created words can survive in Chinese and serve the language effectively.Based on the analysis of phenomena and causes, this paper provides theoretical guidance for the translation of new English concepts, and holds that free translation should be regarded as the main means of translating new words, because free translation is more in line with Chinese language habits.However, if transliteration can well reflect the characteristics of the form and content of the original words, it is not impossible to use transliteration; different translation strategies should be adopted to meet the needs of people in terms of words under different circumstances.For example, the word "party" for young people can be transliterated as "party" to satisfy their pursuit of novelty and fashion, while in formal occasions it should be translated as "party" to satisfy the seriousness of the words;In addition, the economic principle of language use should be followed in all cases to ensure that the choice of words in translation is concise and easy to understand.This study is devoted to summing up the general rules from the concrete data, deducing the underlying interpretation from the surface phenomena, and diverting the guiding theory from the results of the research, in the hope that it will benefit the development of Chinese vocabulary.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H136.5;H315.9

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