基于语料库的不定量词搭配研究及对外汉语教学应用

发布时间：2018-04-19 08:28

本文选题：不定量词 + 搭配　；参考：《湖南大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：词语搭配是语言本体研究的重要内容,有重要的理论和实践意义。本文基于大型语料库对不定量词“点”“些”进行了搭配考察,分别提取出“点”“些”左侧和右侧的高频搭配词,进而对不定量词的搭配形式进行了总结：“点”“些”的搭配形式基本相同,但是在使用频率、表义功能等方面存在一些差异。“点”的左侧主要与数词(60.98%)共现,然后是动词(20.83%)形容词(7.89%)、代词(4.64%),右侧主要与名词、少量的动词以及形容词“好”共现。“点”的搭配形式主要有：“一+点(+NP)”“VP+点(+NP)”,另外还有“VP+点”“A+点(+VP) " "VP+A+点”“X+点+好”“多/少+点+NP”“代词+点+NP”“半+点”等。“半/一+点”主要用于否定句中表示完全否定,“半点”的否定语气更强,“一点”用于肯定句时和“点”的用法相似,但“一点”倾向于修饰双音节的NP且“一点”的强调意味、完句功能更强。“些”的左侧主要与代词(54.16%)共现,然后依次是数词“一”(28.40%)、动词(12.79%)形容词(1.91%)以及方位名词“前”(0.17%),右侧主要与名词共现。其搭配形式主要是“R/一+些(+NP)”,其次是“VP+些+NP”,其他搭配形式的使用频率较低。对不定量词的偏误进行考察和分析可以发现,“些”存在的偏误更多,主要是由于对“些”表复数功能的不理解导致错用以及将“一些”“有些”“R些”等形式相互混淆；另外,“点”“些”都存在一些句法结构上的偏误,主要是将“VP+点/些+NP”以及“A+点/些+VP”这两种形式与“VP+NP”“A+VP”混淆。从教材上来看,不定量词的语法点相对较少,覆盖率不高。本文提出了这样一些教学建议：编撰相应的描写语法,用作对外汉语教师的参考用书；教师可以参考本文的高频搭配词和类联接形式对不定量词的语法点进行适当的补充；应选用高频搭配词进行教学、培养学生的搭配能力；在对某一语法形式进行教学时,应注重加强与相近形式的辨析,加强对“R些”“有些”等语法点的教学；注重语言点的操练和语感的培养,补充相应的练习等。
[Abstract]:Collocation is an important content in the study of language ontology and has important theoretical and practical significance.Based on the large corpus, this paper investigates the collocation of the indefinite words "dot" and "some", and extracts the high-frequency collocation words of "dot" and "some" on the left and right, respectively.Then the collocation forms of indefinite quantifiers are summarized: the collocation forms of "dot" and "some" are basically the same, but there are some differences in the frequency of use and the function of semantic expression.The left side of the "dot" appears mainly with the numeral 60.98), then the verb is 20.83) the adjective is 7.89, the pronoun is 4.64, the right side is mainly with the noun, a few verbs and the adjective "good".The collocation of "dot" mainly includes "one point", "VP point", "VP point" "A point", "VP A point", "X point", "more or less NP", "pronoun point" "NP", and so on."half / one" is mainly used to indicate total negation in negative sentences. The negative tone of "half dots" is stronger, and the use of "points" in positive sentences is similar to that of "dots".But the "point" tends to modify the NP of the double syllable and the emphasis of the "point" means that the completion function is more powerful.The left side of "some" is mainly associated with the pronoun 54.16), followed by the numeral "one" (28.40), the verb (12.79) adjective 1.91) and the noun "in front" (0.17), and the right mainly with the noun.The collocation forms are mainly "R / one" (NPs), followed by "VP" (NP), and the other collocations are less frequently used.By investigating and analyzing the errors of indefinite quantifiers, we can find that there are more errors in "some", mainly due to the lack of understanding of the complex function of "some" and the confusion between "some" and "R".In addition, there are some syntactic errors in "dot" and "Dist", mainly by confusing the two forms of "VP point / some NP" and "A point / some VP" with "VP" "AVP".In terms of teaching materials, the grammatical points of indefinite quantifiers are relatively small and the coverage is not high.Some teaching suggestions are put forward in this paper: compiling the corresponding descriptive grammar as a reference book for teachers of Chinese as a foreign language, making appropriate additions to the grammatical points of indefinite quantifiers with reference to the high frequency collocation words and the form of class connection in this paper;We should choose high-frequency collocation words for teaching and cultivate students' collocation ability, while teaching a certain grammar form, we should pay attention to the discrimination and analysis of similar forms, and strengthen the teaching of grammar points such as "R some" and "some".Pay attention to the practice of language points and the cultivation of language sense, complement the corresponding practice.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：H195

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