戴维特的语义局部论的自然主义方案

发布时间：2018-04-20 00:23

本文选题：戴维特 + 语义学　；参考：《山西大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：戴维特认为,语义整体论是一种切近于语言哲学、心理学和人工智能中正统学说的东西,但它是明显错误的,因为把每个语言或心理符号的意义看成由它推理属性的完整集合构成。因此,他辩护了一种语义局部论观点,这是一种更温和的“分子局部论”主张,认为一个符号的一些推理属性构成了它的意义。戴维特之所以这样做,原因在于：首先,他认为语义整体论卷入了一种他称为“笛卡尔式的”意义可及性观点。按照这种观点,我们拥有处理意义以及有关于意义事实的特许路径,甚至拥有意义本质的特许知识。其次,传统的概念被认为拥有大量令人讨厌的结果。例如,在传统的分析-综合区分中,有些东西被先验地知道,这些东西不能被看成是错误的。在对空想哲学的批判中,戴维特思考了“什么是语义学的任务?为什么它们值得研究?我们如何实现它们?”等问题,提出了一种“自然主义”的观点——它意味着并不存在任何的先验知识,经验方法是认识的唯一方式,也是科学的基础。戴维特对语义学任务的阐明来自于他就这一学科本质而提出的方案,他担忧大多数的语义理论化隐含地依赖于语义任务的明显特设观点。因而并不怀疑在语义学中需要一种自然主义的科学理论,认为语义学应是一门有关于意义的经验科学,意义能以科学方式来研究。他寻求给出语义学研究的一种特定方案——在科学上有吸引力、解决语义争议并能指引语义研究的未来过程的实质论题——这就是戴维特提出的自然主义语义学的方法论。
[Abstract]:Davitt believes that semantic holism is something close to orthodoxy in linguistic philosophy, psychology, and artificial intelligence, but it is clearly wrong. Because the meaning of each language or mental symbol is made up of a complete set of reasoning attributes. Therefore, he defends a kind of semantic localism, which is a milder "molecular localism" proposition that some inferential attributes of a symbol constitute its meaning. The reason for this is that, first of all, he believes that semantic holism is involved in what he calls "Cartesian" meaning accessibility. According to this view, we have chartered paths to deal with meaning and facts of meaning, and even chartered knowledge of the essence of meaning. Second, traditional concepts are considered to have a lot of annoying results. For example, in traditional analysis-synthesis distinctions, some things are priori known that they cannot be considered wrong. In his critique of utopian philosophy, Davitt pondered "what is the task of semantics?" Why are they worth studying? How do we achieve them? " It means that there is no prior knowledge, and the method of experience is the only way of cognition and the basis of science. Deweitt's explanation of semantic task comes from his scheme on the nature of this discipline, and he worries that most semantic theorization implicitly depends on the obvious special point of view of semantic task. Therefore, there is no doubt that there is a need for a naturalistic scientific theory in semantics. It is believed that semantics should be an empirical science with meaning, and meaning can be studied in a scientific way. He sought to give a specific scheme for semantic research, which is scientifically attractive, to resolve semantic disputes and to guide the future process of semantic research, which is the methodology of naturalist semantics put forward by Davitt.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H030

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