2008-2013年新兴类词缀及其教学研究

发布时间：2018-04-20 05:25

本文选题：新兴类词缀 + 对外汉语教学　；参考：《陕西师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：自古以来,词汇一直都是语言中最活跃的因素。各个国家和地区的各个时代,随着社会生活的剧烈变化,都会涌现大量新词新语。而在近一百多年的时间里,在中外交流的历程中,中国发生了翻天覆地的变化,汉语言在各方面因素的影响下有了巨大的改变。从文言文走向了白话文,从文言不一走向了文言统一,语法系统上也有不小的变化。“语法化”就是其中之一,也是近年来汉语言研究的重点。而词法上“词缀化”,“语义虚化”也是重要的语言现象。词缀和类词缀就是其表现之一。词缀是指粘着定位的附加词素,用来构成附加式的词。类词缀是指现代汉语中的那些和一般词缀非常相似,但不同程度地缺乏一般词缀的特点的词。就是这些特点的不充分和现代汉语类词缀的特殊性,给我们的研究带来了许多复杂之处,也造成了不少分歧,比如类词缀的范围,判断标准等。尽管如此,自20世纪80年代以来,类词缀的研究已经有了不少成果。在这样的研究现状的基础上,为了充分描写新兴类词缀,本文在运用书本、网络等资源搜集多种语料的基础上,在现有的学界认可的类词缀的判断标准,即意义的虚化性、位置的固定性和能产性等标准下,确定并分析了近五年来现代汉语中较活跃的新兴类词缀,另外,进行问卷调查,分析其结果并据此对对外汉语教学提供了自己的建议。本文的具体章节及其内容如下：第1章,绪论。主要内容是关于新兴类词缀的研究现状,包含主要的论文,学界主要的观点。具体而言,就是近年来新兴类词缀的主要研究方向,代表人物的代表论文和各家基本都己经认同的要点。由于词缀和类词缀很难割裂开来,还有一些相关的词缀方面的内容。第2章,现代汉语新兴类词缀的个例研究。包含三个小节,主要是近五年成词较多、使用较多,有必要进行教学的类词缀。笔者根据类词缀及其所构成的派生词的意义进行了简单的分类,分为表达人的特点,表达人与人、人与物关系的,表达某种新事物和某种新现象这三种,在每个新兴类词缀的具体研究上,本文会从意义虚化程度、近五年所产生的新词、所反映的社会现实等方面进行分析。最后,基于以上内容,笔者还会对该类词缀将来的发展进行预测。第3章,新兴类词缀产生的原因。本章从汉语言系统内部和外部两个方面对该问题进行了分析。从外部来说,有社会发展、人们的心理和外语的影响等原因；从内部来说,有语言本身的类推机制和经济节省机制的影响。第4章,现代汉语新兴类词缀与对外汉语教学。本章主要包括,新兴类词缀在对外汉语教学中的教学现状、必要性和关于教学的建议。值得一提的是,为了更好地掌握留学生们对于新兴类词缀的学习情况,这一章的内容还包括问卷调查及其结果。最后一部分是结语,为本文主要内容的总结。
[Abstract]:Vocabulary has been the most active factor in language since ancient times. With the dramatic changes of social life, a large number of new words and new words will emerge in all countries and regions. In the past 100 years, in the course of communication between China and foreign countries, China has undergone tremendous changes, and the Chinese language has changed greatly under the influence of various factors. From classical Chinese to vernacular Chinese, from the traditional Chinese to the unity of classical Chinese, grammatical system has no small changes. Grammaticalization is one of them, and it is also the focus of Chinese language research in recent years. Lexical affixing and semantic vacuity are also important linguistic phenomena. Affixes and affixes are one of them. Affixes are additional morphemes attached to a position, used to form additional words. Class affixes are those words in modern Chinese that are very similar to general affixes but lack the characteristics of general affixes to varying degrees. The inadequacies of these characteristics and the particularity of modern Chinese affixes have brought us a lot of complexities and differences, such as the scope of affixes, the criteria of judgment and so on. However, since the 1980 s, many achievements have been made in the study of affixes. On the basis of this kind of research, in order to fully describe the emerging affixes, this paper, on the basis of collecting a variety of language materials by using books, internet and other resources, and on the basis of the existing standards of judging the category affixes recognized by academic circles, that is, the nihilization of meaning. Based on the criteria of fixed position and productive ability, this paper determines and analyzes the emerging affixes that have been active in modern Chinese in recent five years. In addition, a questionnaire survey is conducted to analyze the results and provide suggestions for teaching Chinese as a foreign language. The specific chapters and contents of this paper are as follows: chapter 1, introduction. The main content is about the status quo of emerging affixes, including the main papers, academic views. Specifically, it is the main research direction of emerging affixes in recent years. Since affixes and affixes are difficult to separate, there are some related affixes. Chapter 2: a case study of emerging affixes in modern Chinese. Contains three sections, mainly in the past five years more words, use more, it is necessary to teach affixes. According to the meaning of affixes and their derived words, the author classifies them into three types: expressing the characteristics of people, expressing the relationship between people and things, expressing some new things and some new phenomena. In the specific study of each emerging affix, this paper will analyze from the aspects of the degree of fictitious meaning, the new words produced in the past five years, and the social reality reflected by them. Finally, based on the above content, the author will predict the future development of this kind of affixes. Chapter 3, the causes of emerging affixes. This chapter analyzes the problem from the internal and external aspects of the Chinese language system. Externally, there are social development, people's psychology and the influence of foreign languages, while internally, there is the influence of the analogy mechanism of language itself and the mechanism of economic saving. Chapter 4, Modern Chinese emerging affixes and teaching Chinese as a foreign language. This chapter mainly includes the teaching status, necessity and suggestions of new affixes in teaching Chinese as a foreign language. It is worth mentioning that in order to better understand the students' learning of emerging affixes, this chapter also includes questionnaires and their results. The last part is the conclusion, which is the summary of the main content of this paper.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：H195

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