英汉人体部位习语认知对比研究

发布时间：2018-04-20 05:49

本文选题：身体部位习语 + 隐喻　；参考：《西安外国语大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：“习语”是每一个语言学习者都非常熟悉的术语，，但对它的定义或内涵我们不。因为每个专家和不同的字典对它的定义不完全一致。有些字典里不包括警句和谚语，仅仅指成语。例如牛津高阶英汉双解词典定义习语为“成语”。有些则相反。此外，他们对习语的定义侧重点各异。有的强调结构，有的强调语义，有的强调功能。本文中的习语是指由两个以上的单词或四个字符(汉语成语)所组成的固定短语，其语义具有隐含性，不是构成词各意义的简单相加。本文主要研究英汉有关身体部位习语。这里的英语习语仅仅指固定短语，不包括谚语和警句。而汉语习语指的是固定的四字格结构。习语是人类语言文化的结晶，正确地使用习语会给我们的话语及交际增添无穷的色彩。然而，习语语义的隐含性、深刻性和固定性，给人们的理解和运用带来了困难。这种困难常常导致跨文化交际中的语用失误乃至交际失败。我们认为要从根本上解决在跨文化交际中因习语的误解与误用所造成的语用失误问题，交际者必须深刻了解两种语言中对应习语的异同及其原因。因此从认知的角度对两种语言的习语作对比研究是有用的也是十分重要的。虽然也有语言学家对习语做过认知研究，但还没有形成理论体系。尤其是从认知语言学的角度对英汉习语进行对比研究的很少，而这种研究对于英汉习语的掌握、运用又是至关重要的。鉴于英汉习语的涉及面甚广，本文只针对英汉语言中有关人体部位习语进行对比研究。本研究运用隐喻、转喻、概念整合等认知语言学的相关理论分析研究英汉人体部位习语的异同及其原因，在一定程度上揭示了这种习语的认知机制。我们才认为英汉人体部位习语有着相同的认知机制一隐喻和转喻，这是由于人类的思维方式具有基于其身体体验的普遍性。然而，英汉身体部位习语也表现出一定的差异。在探讨引起这种差异的原因时，我们以《成语大辞典》（商务印书馆）和《综合英语成语词典》（福建人民出版社）为语料基础，对有关“心”、“头”、“手”、“眼”的习语做了统计调查，在494个中文习语中，有226个习语使用双源域，而英语一般使用单源域。如“铁石心肠”，中文同时使用“铁”和“石”两个域来形容人的心肠极硬，不为感情所动。而“铁石心肠”相应的英文是“with a heartof stone”，在英文中仅仅使用“stone”这个域，而没有同时使用“stone”和“iron”两个域来形容人的心肠极硬。我们试图运用Fauconnier的概念整合理论解释这一现象。概念整合理论又称合成理论或合成空间理论。Fauconnier认为，合成过程是在两个输入心理空间的基础上进行运演产生第三个空间，即合成空间。它从两个输入空间中提取部分结构，并形成新创结构。除此之外，文化也是一个不可忽视的原因。
[Abstract]:"Idiom" is a term that every language learner is very familiar with, but we do not define or connotate it. Because each expert and different dictionaries do not agree entirely on its definition. Some dictionaries do not include a warning and proverb, only a idiom. For example, the Oxford high order English Chinese double solution dictionary defines idioms as "Idioms". Some are In addition, they have different emphasis on the definition of idioms. Some emphasize the structure, some emphasize the semantics, and some emphasize the function. The idioms in this article refer to the fixed phrases made up of more than two words or four characters (Chinese idioms). Their semantic meaning is implicit, not a simple addition to the meaning of the constituent words. Chinese idioms in body parts. English idioms only refer to fixed phrases, excluding proverbs and aphorisms. Chinese idioms refer to a fixed four character structure.
Idioms are the crystallization of human language and culture. The correct use of idioms will add endless colors to our discourse and communication. However, the implication, profundity and fixity of idioms have brought difficulties to people's understanding and application. This difficulty often leads to pragmatic failures and even failure in communication in intercultural communication. To solve the problem of pragmatic failure caused by the misunderstanding and misuse of idioms in intercultural communication, the communicator must understand the similarities and differences of the corresponding idioms in the two languages and their reasons. Therefore, it is useful and important to make a comparative study of the idioms of the two languages from the cognitive perspective. The idioms have been studied, but there is not a theoretical system, especially the contrastive study of English and Chinese Idioms from the perspective of cognitive linguistics, which is very important to the mastery and application of English and Chinese idioms. In view of the wide range of English and Chinese idioms, this article only aims at the human body idioms in English and Chinese. Make a comparative study.
This study uses cognitive linguistics, such as metaphor, metonymy and conceptual integration, to analyze the similarities and differences of English and Chinese human body idioms and their reasons. To a certain extent, the cognitive mechanism of this idiom is revealed. It is based on the universality of its physical experience. However, there are some differences in English and Chinese idioms of body parts. In the discussion of the reasons for this difference, we use the dictionary of the idiom > (Business Press) and the comprehensive English Idiom Dictionary (Fujian people's Publishing House) as the basis of the corpus, with regard to "heart", "head", "hand", " In the 494 Chinese idioms, 226 of the 494 idioms use the dual source domain, while English generally uses the single source domain. For example, "iron stone heart", the Chinese use of the "iron" and "stone" two domains to describe the human heart hard, not emotionally moved. And the "iron stone heart" corresponding English is "with a heartof ston" E ", in English, only" stone "is used in the domain, instead of using the two domains of" stone "and" iron "to describe people's hard heart. We try to use the concept integration theory of Fauconnier to explain this phenomenon. The concept integration theory, also called the synthesis theory or the synthetic space theory.Fauconnier, that the synthesis process is in the two On the basis of psychosocial space, third spaces are produced, that is, synthetic space. It extracts some structure from two input spaces and forms a new creation structure. In addition, culture is also a reason that can not be ignored.

【学位授予单位】：西安外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H136;H313

【参考文献】