英语if条件句与汉语“如果”假设句的对比研究

发布时间：2018-04-24 07:09

本文选题：if条件句 + “如果”条件句　；参考：《延边大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：充分条件假言判断的语言形式,在英语中主要表现为if条件句,在汉语中与之相对应的通常被认为是由“如果”引导的“如果”假设句,其分类和句法结构一直受到国内外学者的关注。本研究将从新的角度出发,以原型范畴理论为基础,将英汉条件句范畴分为原型与非原型条件句,分别对其进行对比分析,并对产生这些异同点的原因给予一定的解释与说明。英汉条件句中主从句间都可以表达多种语义关系,这表现了条件句多义性的特点。而原型范畴理论在分析一词多义性方面一直有较大的解释力。因此结合原型范畴理论以及对条件句的界定,首先找出了条件句原型所具有的属性,即主分句之间的充分条件关系,因果致使关系,逻辑上的真值对应关系和语义相关性,从句事态发生时间早于主句事态发生时间的先后顺序关系以及所表现出的从句在前主句在后的语序特征。英汉原型条件句都可分为真实条件句和非真实条件句,只是区分上汉语“如果”原型条件句没有if原型条件句时态后移的方式那么明确,汉语主要通过时间直指词和“态”的变化来表现反事实的假设,并且由于汉语条件句主句中没有类似if条件主句的情态动词"will",无法区分表示习惯性的条件句和预告性的条件句。另一方面,英汉条件句范畴中均有条件句偏离原型属性,而成为原型范畴中的非原型成员,这是英汉两种语言中的共有特点,即“非真正的条件”都可以成为“条件”而进入到条件句范畴中,这主要是由于人们对“条件”认识上的普遍模糊性,即“条件”是一个模糊变量以及共通的转喻扩展认知机制的作用,以言语行为的内容代替了整个言语行为。不过在具体语言表现形式中,与英语if相对应的汉语表达有“如果”和“如果说”两种情况。英汉条件句范畴中均存在原型条件句以及以原型为参照点向外辐射扩展的非原型条件句,主从句间可以表达出多种“非真正条件”的语义关系,这属于跨语言的共性。同时,在主从句关联词使用、语序等方面,英汉条件句也存在相异之处。这是对英汉条件句不同角度的诠释和探究,有助于从深层次认识条件句,增加对条件句的理解。
[Abstract]:The linguistic form of sufficient conditional hypothetical judgment is mainly expressed as if conditional sentence in English, and in Chinese, the corresponding language form is usually regarded as "if" led by "if" supposition sentence. Its classification and syntactic structure have been concerned by scholars at home and abroad. From a new perspective and on the basis of prototype category theory, this study makes a contrastive analysis of the categorization of English and Chinese conditional sentences as archetypal and non-prototype conditional sentences, and gives some explanations and explanations to the causes of these similarities and differences. Both English and Chinese conditional sentences can express a variety of semantic relations, which shows the characteristics of conditional sentences' polysemy. The archetypal category theory has great explanatory power in analyzing the polysemy of the word. Therefore, based on the prototype category theory and the definition of conditional sentence, this paper first finds out the properties of conditional sentence prototype, that is, the sufficient conditional relation between main clauses, causality, logical true value correspondence and semantic correlation. The sequence relation of the state of affairs of clause earlier than that of the subject and the word order characteristic of the clause after the subject. English and Chinese archetypal conditional sentences can be divided into real conditionals and non-real conditionals, but the distinction between the Chinese "if" prototype conditionals is not as clear as the way in which if archetypal conditionals move backward in the tense of the if archetypal conditional sentences. Chinese mainly expresses the supposition of counterfact by the change of time direct reference word and "state", and because there is no modal verb "will" similar to if conditional subject in the subject of Chinese conditional sentence, it is impossible to distinguish the conditional sentence which indicates habitual and the predicative conditional sentence. On the other hand, conditional sentences in the category of English and Chinese conditional sentences deviate from the archetypal attribute and become non-archetypal members in the category of prototypes, which is a common feature in both English and Chinese. That is, "non-real condition" can become "condition" and enter the category of conditional sentence, which is mainly due to the general ambiguity of people's understanding of "condition". That is, "condition" is a fuzzy variable and a common metonymy extended cognitive mechanism, replacing the whole speech act with the content of speech act. However, in specific linguistic expressions, the Chinese expressions corresponding to English if are "if" and "if said". There are prototype conditionals in English and Chinese conditional sentences and non-prototype conditionals which radiate outward with archetypal reference points, which can express the semantic relations of "non-real conditions" between principal and subordinate sentences, which belong to the cross-linguistic commonness. At the same time, there are differences between English and Chinese conditional sentences in the use of related words and word order. This is the interpretation and exploration of English and Chinese conditional sentences from different angles, which is helpful to understand conditional sentences from a deeper level and to increase their understanding.
【学位授予单位】：延边大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H314;H146

【参考文献】