论量词语言中的名词复数标记

发布时间：2018-04-25 03:14

本文选题：量词语言 + 复数标记　；参考：《湖南大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文主要研究与量词语言的名词复数标记相关的两个问题:(1)量词语言与非量词语言中的复数标记有何异同;(2)量词语言的复数名词的指称特征是否来源于复数标记。对第一个问题的研究是基于对以英语为例的非量词语言和以汉语为例的量词语言之间的比较与分析。两者的不同之处主要体现在:(1)两者的名词获取复数特征的方式不同;(2)英语的复数名词能做谓词,而汉语的不能;(3)英语的复数标记-s比汉语中的复数标记“们”更具普及性;(4)复数标记与量化词是否能同现:汉语中的复数普通名词不能与量化词同现,复数代词和复数专有名词只可以置于量化词之前,英语中的复数名词只可以置于量化词之后。关于第二个问题,本文主要以汉语为例从类型学的角度分析量词语言中复数名词的指称特征的来源。首先,定指特征的语义内涵有别于实指特征:定指是从一类事物中挑选出某一或某些特定的个体;实指与语境中的预设信息有关。其次,定指特征与实指特征的句法实现形式不同:根据Rizzi(2004)的补语词组分割假设,补语词组可以细分为焦点词组、话题词组、限定词组等,而且在句法结构上,话题词组的位置高于限定词组。实指特征蕴含于话题词组的中心词,而定指特征产生于定指词组(类似于句子层面标注句子有定或无定的限定词组)的中心词。换言之,复数名词的实指特征来源于话题即句子语境,复数名词的定指特征来源于句子的限定成分,而不是因为位于数量词节点下的复数标记自身具有定指或实指特征。在最简方案下,复数名词的指称解读是通过复数标记和限定词或量化词在数和指称性上的特征核查而获得的。
[Abstract]:This paper mainly studies two problems related to the plural mark of nouns in classifier language: 1) what are the similarities and differences between quantifier language and non-classifier language in plural marker) whether the referential characteristics of plural noun in quantifier language are derived from plural marker. The first question is based on the comparison and analysis between the non-classifier language in English and the quantifier language in Chinese. The difference between the two is mainly reflected in the way in which the nouns of the two countries acquire plural features in different ways) the plural nouns in English can be used as predicates. The plural marker -s in English is more popular than the plural marker in Chinese.) whether the plural mark and the quantized word can co-appear: the plural common noun in Chinese can not co-appear with the quantized word. Plural pronouns and plural proper nouns can only be placed before quantized words, and plural nouns in English can only be placed after quantized words. On the second question, this paper takes Chinese as an example to analyze the source of referential features of plural nouns in quantifier language from the perspective of typology. Firstly, the semantic connotation of the referential feature is different from that of the real referential feature: the categorical reference is to select one or some specific individuals from one kind of things, and the real reference is related to the presupposition information in the context. Secondly, the syntactic realization forms of the fixed and real finger features are different: according to the hypothesis of the segmentation of complement phrases in Rizzig 2004), the complement phrases can be subdivided into focus phrases, topic phrases, restricted phrases, and so on, and in the syntactic structure, they can be subdivided into focus phrases, topic phrases, limited phrases, etc. The position of topic phrase is higher than that of qualified phrase. The real reference feature is contained in the central word of the topic phrase, while the definite reference feature comes from the central word of the definite phrase (similar to the sentence level tagging the definite or indefinite qualifier group of sentences). In other words, the real reference features of plural nouns are derived from the topic i.e. sentence context, and the definitional features of plural nouns are derived from the limited elements of the sentences, not because the plural markers under the nodal of quantifiers have definite or factual characteristics. In the simplest case, the referential interpretation of plural nouns is obtained by checking the characteristics of the plural markers and qualifiers or quantized words in number and referential.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：H041

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