英汉运动事件句式句法特征对比研究

发布时间：2018-04-27 16:44

本文选题：运动事件 + 动词框架语　；参考：《湖北大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文以Talmy的运动事件的两分法为依据,对比研究英汉运动事件句式句法特征,而且意在通过对比两种语言的句式和句法结构分析运动事件路径和方式的共性和特性。运动事件被描述为一种物理运动事件或者一种静止状态,它是人类经验的核心并且无处不在。众所周知,不同语言有不同的描述运动事件的方式。根据Talmy(1985,2000)的理论,世界上的语言可分为动词框架语和卫星框架语。动词框架语是路径由动词表达,而卫星框架语是路径由附加成分表达(这里主要是指英语小品词和汉语动词趋向补语),而“方式”或者“原因”由动词表达。根据他的理论,Talmy(1985,2000)在其研究中将汉语归类为卫星框架语,因为它的路径成分由附加成分表达而不是动词。Talmy的分类促使很多学者对世界上的不同的语言做进一步研究,并且他们对于汉语的分类有不同的观点。Slobin(2004)提出语言的第三种类型等义框架语,即方式和路径由相同的语法单位表达。他(2004)认为汉语属于等义框架语因为汉语属于带有多个动词的连动式结构语言。至今为止,汉语的归属问题仍没有达成一致结论因为汉语包括许多用作动词的补语。因此,本文通过英汉运动事件句式句法特征的对比来划分汉语的归属问题。并且通过对比发现汉语并不是一个典型的“卫星框架语”,它在表达运动事件事表现了“汉语动词框架语”的特征,即“路径”由动词表达,“方式”通过状语或其它语言成分表达。本文关注四个方面的具体研究内容： (1)本文试图分析英汉运动事件各自的句式结构特点； (2)通过对比路径动词,介词和附加成分揭示英汉运动事件中“路径”的表达的异同； (3)由于汉语有大量的动补结构,它似乎可以归纳为动词框架语,等义框架语,,然而,将汉语划分为卫星框架语是最合适的； (4)本文试图通过方式动词和方式副词的比较,总结出英汉运动事件在“方式”表达上的异同；最后,通过“路径”和“方式”概念的表达,我们将汉语归纳为卫星框架语。但是汉语的习惯是把句子的主要动词的句法位置同时给方式和路径动词或者在句子的谓语位置上只出现路径动词,而且,和方式动词比较,路径动词语义上凸显。这样的差别,使我们认为汉语是一个有动词框架语特征的卫星框架语。本文的创新点在于对于运动事件的研究寥寥无几,关于英汉运动事件句式句法的对比研究更是屈指可数,大多数跨语言研究集中在词汇化模式及表征方式,而本研究的句式句法特征对比试图为汉语的归属提供一个新视角。
[Abstract]:Based on Talmy's dichotomy of motion events, this paper makes a contrastive study of the syntactic features of motion events in English and Chinese, and aims to analyze the commonness and characteristics of the paths and patterns of motion events by contrasting the sentence patterns and syntactic structures of the two languages. Motion event is described as a physical motion event or a static state, it is the core of human experience and everywhere. As we all know, different languages have different ways of describing motion events. According to Talmyn 1985 / 2000, the languages in the world can be divided into verb frame language and satellite frame language. The verb frame is the path expressed by the verb, while the satellite frame is the path expressed by the adjunct elements (in this case, the English sketch words and Chinese verbs tend to complement), while the "way" or "reason" is expressed by the verb. According to his theory, Talmyn 1985 / 2000) in his research, Chinese is classified as a satellite frame language, because its path component is expressed by additional elements rather than the verb. Talmy's classification has prompted many scholars to do further research on different languages in the world. And they have different views on the classification of Chinese. (Slobinny2004) proposes a third type of synonymous frame, that is, the way and path are expressed by the same grammatical units. He believes that Chinese belongs to the isonym frame because Chinese belongs to the conjunctive structure language with multiple verbs. Up to now, there is still no consensus on the attribution of Chinese because Chinese includes many complements used as verbs. Therefore, this paper classifies the attribution of Chinese by contrasting the syntactic features of motion events between English and Chinese. It is found by comparison that Chinese is not a typical "satellite frame language". It shows the characteristics of "Chinese verb frame language" in the expression of motion events, that is, "path" is expressed by verbs. "way" is expressed by adverbials or other linguistic elements. This paper focuses on four aspects of specific research: 1) this paper attempts to analyze the structural characteristics of English and Chinese sports events; (2) to reveal the similarities and differences of the expression of "path" in English and Chinese sports events by contrasting path verbs, prepositions and additional elements; (3) since Chinese has a large number of verb-complement structures, it seems that it can be divided into verb frame language and isonymy frame language. However, it is most appropriate to divide Chinese into satellite frame language. 4) this paper attempts to summarize the similarities and differences in the expression of "mode" between English and Chinese sports events through the comparison of the stylistic verbs and the stylistic adverbs; Finally, through the expression of the concepts of "path" and "way", we generalize Chinese as satellite frame language. However, it is the habit of Chinese to give the syntactic position of the main verb to the mode and the path verb at the same time or to only appear the path verb in the predicate position of the sentence. Moreover, compared with the modal verb, the path verb is semantically prominent. This difference makes us think that Chinese is a satellite frame language with verb frame features. The innovation of this thesis is that there are few researches on motion events, and few contrastive studies on the syntactic structure of motion events in English and Chinese. Most of the cross-linguistic studies focus on lexicalization and representation. The comparison of syntactic features in this study attempts to provide a new perspective for the attribution of Chinese.
【学位授予单位】：湖北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146;H314

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