语言接触背景下宁乡地方普通话中的语气词变异研究

发布时间：2018-04-27 17:39

本文选题：语言接触 + 宁乡地方普通话　；参考：《湘潭大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：在语言接触的影响下，语言变异频繁发生。全国各方言区的人在学习或使用普通话的过程中，由于受到自己方言母语的影响，产生了各种与标准普通话有一定距离的、带有一定方言色彩的普通话，，使得标准普通话中的语音、词汇、句法等方面发生变化。随着普通话的普及和推广，在宁乡方言与普通话的接触中，出现了一种语言变体——宁乡地方普通话，即在普通话中掺杂宁乡方言特色的语言现象。本研究以社会语言学语言接触与语言变异理论为指导，运用社会语言学的研究方法，采用观察法和录音等手段，根据不同的性别、年龄、教育背景、职业和场合，以宁乡本土90人左右作为调查对象，对语言接触背景下的宁乡地方普通话中的语气词变异情况进行考察，并借助GOLDVARB X和EXCEL（2007）软件对宁乡地方普通话语气词的运用分布情况进行相关统计和分析。研究发现，宁乡地方普通话是一种主要由语言内部和外部机制共同作用而产生的变体。宁乡地方普通话的出现源于人们在用普通话进行交流的过程中，有意识和无意识地将宁乡方言的一些特点带入普通话中，在宁乡地方普通话中的五种典型的语气词变异中，人们运用宁乡方言中的陈述语气词最为频繁，其次是疑问语气词，较少的依次是感叹语气词、祈使语气词和表停顿的语气词；语气词变异的出现呈现一定的分布规律，男性比女性运用宁乡地方普通话更为频繁；年龄在30-45之间的人群更倾向于使用这种语言变体；公司职员更喜欢运用这种地方普通话；在集市场合，这种宁乡地方普通话使用率相对于其他场所较高。在语言态度上，大部分本地人对宁乡地方普通话的使用能接受。其中，男性比女性更乐于接受此种语言变体，公司职员比较接受宁乡地方普通话的运用，而教师却是较多地反对此种语言变体的使用。接受此种语言变体的人们普遍认为宁乡地方普通话中带有宁乡方言中的语气词比较幽默，亲切，具有宁乡方言的特色。随着经济文化的不断交流与发展，语言接触和融合的现象普遍发生，新语言变体的出现势必会给共同语带来一定的挑战，因此，普通话的水平依然有待提高，有待继续推广。
[Abstract]:Language variation occurs frequently under the influence of language contact. In the process of learning or using Putonghua, people in all parts of the country, because of the influence of their native tongues, have produced a variety of Putonghua with a certain dialect color and distance from the standard Putonghua. The phonetic, lexical and syntactic aspects of standard Putonghua are changed. With the popularization and popularization of Putonghua, in the contact between Ningxiang dialect and Putonghua, there appears a language variant-Ningxiang local Putonghua, that is, the language phenomenon of mixing the characteristics of Ningxiang dialect in Putonghua. Under the guidance of sociolinguistic language contact and language variation theory, this study uses sociolinguistic research methods, such as observation and recording, according to different gender, age, educational background, occupation and situation. Taking 90 native people of Ningxiang as the research object, this paper investigates the variation of mood words in local mandarin of Ningxiang under the background of language contact. And with the help of GOLDVARB X and excel 2007), the distribution of mood words in Ningxiang local mandarin is analyzed. It is found that Ningxiang local mandarin is a variant mainly caused by the internal and external mechanisms of language. The appearance of local Putonghua in Ningxiang comes from people's consciously and unconsciously bringing some characteristics of Ningxiang dialect into Putonghua, and the variation of five typical modal words in Ningxiang local mandarin. In Ningxiang dialect, the declarative modal is the most frequently used, followed by the interrogative modal, the less in turn is the interjection, the imperative and the pause, and the variation of the modal presents a certain distribution rule, the second is the interjection, the second is the interjection. Men use local Mandarin more frequently than women; people between 30 and 45 years of age are more likely to use the language variant; company staff prefer to use local Mandarin; and in bazaars, This kind of Ningxiang local mandarin usage rate is higher than other places. In terms of language attitude, most locals can accept the use of local Putonghua in Ningxiang. Among them, men are more willing than women to accept this language variation, company staff are more receptive to the use of local Putonghua in Ningxiang, while teachers are more opposed to the use of this language variety. The people who accept this kind of language variant generally think that the mood words of Ningxiang dialect in Ningxiang local mandarin are humorous, cordial and have the characteristics of Ningxiang dialect. With the continuous exchange and development of economy and culture, the phenomenon of language contact and integration occurs generally, and the emergence of new language variants will inevitably bring some challenges to the common language. Therefore, the level of Putonghua still needs to be improved and to continue to be popularized.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H102

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