自源国家通用语形成规律初探

发布时间：2018-04-28 04:54

本文选题：主要自源国家通用语 + 语音规范形成基础　；参考：《安徽大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：目前世界上自源国家通用语共有75种。本文以其中的英语、俄语、法语、西班牙语、德语、意大利语、葡萄牙语以及日语等8种语言为对象,就其形成基础和形成规律进行了研究；并以前述研究成果为指导,就普通话定义等问题进行了再探讨。本文由六章组成。第一章为绪论,主要是回顾前人有关研究,以及说明本文的预期目标、语料来源以及研究方法。第二章至第五章为正文。第二章依次对英语、俄语、法语、西班牙语等四种最具影响力自源国家通用语,从语音规范的基础和词汇、语法规范的基础两方面,进行了历史考察。第三章先后对德语、意大利语、葡萄牙语以及日语等四种使用人数较多的自源国家通用语的形成历史进行了考察,考察依然是从语音规范的基础和词汇、语法规范的基础两方面展开。第四章是以前面的考察为支柱,在暂时排除普通话的情况下,就世界主要自源国家通用语形成基础和形成规律,加以深入探析。第五章是以前面的研究成果为参照系,亦即以对于世界主要自源国家通用语形成基础和形成规律的认识为指导,就普通话的历史、特点以及定义等,进行了全面深入的再探讨。第六章为结束语,主要是说明开展本课题研究的理论意义和实践意义,并指出研究的局限和不足。根据对英语、俄语、法语、西班牙语、德语、意大利语、葡萄牙语以及日语等8种自源国家通用语的考察,本文得出的结论是：其一,自源国家通用语语音规范直接基础都是该国权威地域方言,而词汇和语法规范直接基础则为该国现当代著名作家的经典作品中的典范用例。其二,自源国家通用语的形成规律具体表现为：来源于民间口语的权威地域方言是各自源国家通用语形成的基石：在自源国家通用语形成发展的过程中,文学的繁荣发挥了至关重要的作用；依靠政府行为或学者专家力量最终确立的自源国家通用语,自形成之日起,始终保持着自身鲜明的民族特色,并且代表着社会最具权威的语音、词汇及语法规范。其三,究其规律形成原因,主要表现为语言内部原因和语言外部原因两个方面。促成该规律形成的语言内部原因有：鲜活的民间口语与社会生活息息相关,最能体现时代的要求,因而其最适合充当权威地域方言发展的基础；权威地域方言一般易懂、易学,具有强大的生命力且具有与时俱进的特点。而其语言外部原因主要有：政治经济原因；通用语推广的方式和手段；社会的发展是语言变化发展的基本条件和强大动力。而根据在有关研究结论指导下的对于普通话定义的再探讨,本文得出的结论是：其一,普通话的语音规范基础应为北京话音系：其二,其词汇和语法规范的直接基础应是现代汉语书面语和广播影视语言,而北方方言口语是现代汉语书面语和广播影视语言的直接基础。
[Abstract]:At present, there are 75 kinds of native languages in the world. In this paper, eight languages, including English, Russian, French, Spanish, German, Italian, Portuguese and Japanese, are taken as the object of study. The definition of Putonghua is discussed again. This paper consists of six chapters. The first chapter is the introduction, which mainly reviews the previous studies, and explains the expected objectives, the source of the corpus and the research methods. The second to fifth chapters are the main body. The second chapter makes a historical study of the four most influential national languages, English, Russian, French and Spanish, in terms of the basis of phonetic norms and vocabulary, and the basis of grammatical norms. The third chapter investigates the history of the formation of the four popular languages, German, Italian, Portuguese and Japanese, which are widely used in native countries. The investigation is still based on the basis and vocabulary of phonetic norms. There are two basic aspects of grammatical norms. The fourth chapter takes the previous investigation as the pillar, under the condition of temporarily excluding Putonghua, makes a deep analysis on the foundation and the formation law of the common language in the main countries of the world. The fifth chapter is based on the previous research results, that is, the understanding of the basis and law of the formation of common language in the major countries of the world, the history, characteristics and definition of Putonghua are thoroughly and deeply discussed. The sixth chapter is the conclusion, which mainly explains the theoretical and practical significance of the research, and points out the limitations and shortcomings of the research. Based on the investigation of English, Russian, French, Spanish, German, Italian, Portuguese and Japanese, the conclusions of this paper are as follows: first, English, Russian, French, Spanish, German, Italian, Portuguese and Japanese. The direct basis of the national phonetic norms of the source country is the authoritative regional dialects, while the direct basis of lexical and grammatical norms is the exemplary use cases in the classical works of the modern and contemporary famous writers in this country. Secondly, the rules of the formation of the general-purpose language in the source country are as follows: the authoritative regional dialect derived from the spoken folk language is the cornerstone of the formation of the common language of the respective source country: in the process of the formation and development of the general-purpose language in the source country, The prosperity of literature played a vital role; the national language of origin, which was ultimately established by government action or by scholars and experts, had always maintained its own distinctive national characteristics since its formation. It also represents the most authoritative phonetic, lexical and grammatical norms of society. Third, the formation of the law, mainly for language internal reasons and language external reasons. The internal reasons for the formation of this law are as follows: fresh folk spoken language is closely related to social life and can best reflect the requirements of the times, so it is most suitable to serve as the basis for the development of authoritative regional dialects, and the authoritative regional dialects are generally easy to understand and easy to learn. With strong vitality and with the characteristics of keeping pace with the times. The external reasons of language include: political and economic reasons, ways and means of popularizing common language, and social development is the basic condition and powerful motive force of language change and development. Based on the re-discussion of the definition of Putonghua under the guidance of the relevant research conclusions, this paper draws the following conclusions: first, the phonetic normative basis of Putonghua should be Beijing Voice Department; second, The direct basis of its lexical and grammatical norms should be modern Chinese written language, radio, film and television language, while the spoken language of northern dialect is the direct basis of modern Chinese written language and radio, film and television language.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H0-09;H102

【参考文献】