“难VP”和“VP难”比较研究

发布时间：2018-04-28 08:16

本文选题：“难VP” + “VP难”　；参考：《哈尔滨师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：“难”和“VP”组合，借助语序手段形成了“VP难”和“难VP”两种格式，二者在结构和功能上均有差异。本文基于大量语料，在共时平面对“难VP”和“VP难”进行比较研究，重在描写二者差异并对产生差异的原因作出合理解释。通过考察认识到“难”具有情态义，因此，本文的研究，将情态研究和语序研究相结合，，在观察视角、功能分析等方面做出新探索，希望能够对现有的汉语情态研究成果作出有意义的补充。第一章绪论部分有四方面内容：介绍选题缘起、明确研究对象；总结相关研究现状；说明研究目的和方法；说明语料来源。第二章考察“难VP”和“VP难”的结构：分析了谓词性结构之前和谓词性结构之后的“难”在语法性质和语法意义上的不同；将VP分成小类对“难VP”和“VP难”两种结构中所容纳的VP进行描写，揭示出“难VP”和“VP难”中VP的差异，由于“难VP”和“VP难”中的VP并非截然对立，因此，综合VP在结构和意义上的特征，依据动作性由强到弱建立VP的连续统，连续统左端的动词陈述义强、意义具体，是构成“难VP”的典型动词，连续统右端的动词指称义强、意义抽象，是构成“VP难”的典型动词；论述“难VP”和“VP难”的结构关系。第三章考察“难VP”和“VP难”的功能：先是分别说明了“难VP”和“VP难”在句法功能上的差异，接下来从自指、转指和表达的情态意义两方面分析“难VP”和“VP难”在语义、语用功能上的差异。在分析过程中，注意到有一部分“VP难”从句法功能来看，有从谓词性向体词性游移的趋势，从语义表达上来看，用以指称某种不应出现的困境，这部分“VP难”逐渐固化，因此，本章最后对这类形成于20世纪80年代、被主流媒体高频使用并“普及”开来的“VP难”作出进一步分析，揭示选择这类“VP难”的语用动机。第四章对全文的研究作出补充。在对“难VP”和“VP难”比较研究的过程中，我们感到还有一些问题需要进一步说清楚：“很难”在作谓语时，“很”已经语法化了；“很”和“很难”在使用中存在语体上的差异；“难VP”句存在受事作主语和施事作主语两种情况，两种情况下的情状类型不同；“VP难”的固化过程充分体现了构式与成分的互动。结论部分概括性地总结了“难VP”和“VP难”在结构、语义、语用功能上的差异及产生差异的原因。
[Abstract]:The combination of "difficult" and "VP" forms "VP difficult" and "difficult VP" by means of word order, and there are differences in structure and function between them. Based on a large number of corpus, this paper makes a comparative study of "difficult VP" and "VP difficult" in the synchronic plane, focusing on describing the differences between them and giving a reasonable explanation to the reasons for the differences. It is recognized that "difficult" has modal meaning. Therefore, this paper combines modal study with word order study, and makes a new exploration in the aspects of observation angle, function analysis and so on. Hope to make a meaningful supplement to the existing research results of Chinese modality. The first chapter is the introduction of four aspects: introduce the origin of the topic, clear the research object; summarize the current situation of relevant research; explain the purpose and method of the research; explain the source of the corpus. The second chapter examines the structure of "difficult VP" and "VP difficult": it analyzes the differences between the grammatical nature and grammatical meaning of "difficult" before and after predicate structure; The VP is divided into small categories to describe the VP contained in the structure of "difficult VP" and "difficult structure of VP", which reveals the difference between "difficult VP" and "VP difficult". Because the VP in "difficult VP" and "VP difficult" are not completely opposite, therefore, the VP of "difficult VP" and "VP difficult" are not completely opposed to each other. According to the characteristics of VP in structure and meaning, the continuous system of VP is established according to the action from strong to weak. The verb in the left end of the continuum is characterized by strong meaning and concrete meaning. It is a typical verb that constitutes "difficult VP", and the verb referential meaning of the right end of continuum is strong. Abstract meaning is a typical verb that constitutes "VP difficult" and discusses the structural relationship between "difficult VP" and "VP difficult". The third chapter examines the functions of "difficult VP" and "VP difficult": first, it explains the difference between "difficult VP" and "VP difficult" in syntactic function, and then points out from the point of view. This paper analyzes the differences of semantic and pragmatic functions between "difficult VP" and "VP difficult" in terms of the modal meaning of transfer and expression. In the process of analysis, it is noticed that some "VP difficulties" have the tendency of moving from predicate to aspect from syntactic function, and from the semantic expression point of view, they are used to refer to some difficulties that should not occur, and this part of "VP difficulty" gradually solidifies. Therefore, in the end, this chapter makes a further analysis of the "VP difficulty", which was formed in the 1980s and is widely used by the mainstream media, and reveals the pragmatic motivation of choosing this kind of "VP difficult". The fourth chapter supplements the research of the full text. In the process of comparative study of "difficult VP" and "VP difficult", we feel that there are still some problems that need to be further clarified: "very difficult" is grammaticalized when it is used as predicate; There are stylistic differences between "very" and "very difficult", there are two cases of "difficult VP": subject as subject and subject as subject, and there are different types of situation in the two situations. The curing process of "VP difficult" fully reflects the interaction between structure and composition. Conclusion the differences between "difficult VP" and "VP difficult" in structure, semantics, pragmatic functions and the reasons for the differences are summarized.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146

【参考文献】