比较句在科技语体中使用情况考察

发布时间：2018-04-30 00:41

本文选题：比较句 + 科技语体　；参考：《哈尔滨师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文以科技语体为研究基础,以比较句为研究对象,考察“比”字句,平比句和“R于”句等三种主要的比较句式在科技语体中的分布及使用情况。通过考察发现在科技语体中差比句式的使用量远远大于平比句式,认为差比句式在科技语体中的作用主要是通过突出和强调事物的差别,进而显现研究对象不同于别的事物的、独有的特征,平比句式是通过“异中有同”的比较方式对研究对象进行归类。通过研究认为所谓“典型”是具有语体限制的,比较句中的典型差比句“比”字句在科技语体中的典型性有所降低,而只用于书面语的“R于”句在科技语体中的典型性非常明显,典型的平比句式“与…一样”句在科技语体中的典型性降低,而“与…一致”的平比句式在科技语体中的使用却比较典型。在科技语体中,比较句的否定式,无论是差比句式的否定式还是平比句式的否定式,都与其相对应的肯定式的数量比相差悬殊,我们认为比较句的否定范畴具有量级上的多义性,使得该表达式处于被排斥的状态。但我们还认为这种排斥与科技研究的内容和对象的性质有一定的关系。本文一共5章,第1章引言,主要介绍本文研究的主要内容和研究方法,并详细介绍语料的来源和界定本文所研究的句式,以及介绍关于比较句研究成果的主要内容。第2章,专门讨论“比”字句在科技语体中的分布及使用情况,从分布来看,在不同领域的科学研究中,撰文者对“比”字句的使用有较明显的选择性差异,我们认为这与研究对象的性质和特征有一定的关系,宏观抽象的对象研究对“比”字句的选择度高,符合“比”字句具有描写性的特点。微观具体的对象研究较少采用“比”字句,而涉及数量或量级的比较,一般选用“R于”句。从“比”字句在科技语体中呈现的语法功能来看,科技语体排斥“比”字句的疑问式和祈使句式等形式。从“比”字句的语义功能来看,科技语体排斥表比喻和比拟义的“比”字句。从“比”字句在科技语体中的结构特点来看,承担比较项的成分多为名词性成分和动词性成分,较少选择代词性的成分,而且比较项的长度要比文艺语体和口语体中的长,名词性成分多为多重定语结构,符合科技语体对研究对象限定严格的要求,动词性成分多与数量词搭配,符合科技语体对研究对象动态特征的描写要求。第3章,专门讨论平比句在科技语体中使用情况,指出因为对词汇选择的差异,平比句具有“与…一致”、“与…一样”、“与…相同”、“与…类似”等多种表达方式。而典型的平比句式“与…一样”在科技语体中使用量较少,书面语特点较强的“与…一致”等形式被选择的情况较突出。同时研究指出这几种形式在语法功能和特点上都不一致,各有不同的倾向表现。第4章专门讨论“R于”句在科技语体中使用的情况,指出“R于”句是典型的语体句,在学术性的科技语体中使用最为广泛,但在形式上和比较结果项的选择上都有较大的限制,也正是由于句法和句式的单一性使得该句式适合表达数量比,所以“R于”句在科技语体中呈现出的典型句式形式是：X+R+于+Y+数量单位。第五章对这三种比较句在科技语体分布做了整体性的考察,研究指出差比句数量远远大于平比句的使用数量,同时对比文艺语体对这几种句式的选择和使用,发现这几种比较句在两种语体中的使用情况也有较大的差异。
[Abstract]:Based on the research of scientific and technological corpus and taking comparative sentences as the research object, this paper investigates the distribution and use of three main comparative sentences in scientific and technological languages, such as "comparison", flat ratio sentence and "R Yu" sentence. The function of the language is mainly by highlighting and emphasizing the difference of things, and then showing the unique characteristics of the research object, which is different from other things. The flat comparison sentence is classified by the comparative way of "different in the same". Through the study, the so-called "typical" is a type of language restriction, the typical difference in the comparative sentence The typicality of the sentence "comparison" in the scientific and technological corpus has been reduced, and the typicality of the "R Yu" sentence, which is only used in the written language, is very typical in the scientific and technological corpus, and the typical flat ratio sentence "and... The "same" sentence is reduced in the typical style of science and technology. In the scientific corpus, the negative formula of the comparative sentence in the scientific and technological corpus, whether it is the negative of the difference sentence pattern or the negative pattern of the flat comparison, is different from the corresponding affirmative quantity, and we think that the negative category of the comparative sentence has the polysemy in the order of magnitude. The expression is in a state of exclusion, but we also believe that this exclusion has a certain relationship with the content of scientific research and the nature of the object. The 5 chapter, first chapter introduction, mainly introduces the main contents and research methods of this study, and details the source of the corpus and the definition of the sentence patterns in this article, as well as the introduction of the comparison. The second chapter mainly discusses the distribution and use of "Bi" in the scientific and technological corpus. From the distribution point of view, in the scientific research in different fields, the author has a more obvious selective difference in the use of "comparison", and we think it has a certain relationship with the nature and characteristics of the research object. The abstract object study has a high choice of "comparison" sentences, which conforms to the descriptive characteristics of the "comparison" sentences. The microscopic specific object studies rarely use "comparison", but the comparison of quantity or magnitude generally chooses the "R" sentence. From the semantic function of the "comparison" sentence, the scientific and technological corpus rejects the metaphor and the comparative meaning of the "comparison". From the structural features of the "comparative" sentence in the scientific and technological corpus, the composition of the comparative term is mostly noun and verb, and less choice of pronouns. The length of the comparison item is more than the length of literary style and colloquial body, and the noun composition is multiple attributive structure, which conforms to the strict requirements of the scientific and technological corpus to the research object, and the verb components are collocated with the quantitative words, which conforms to the description requirements of the scientific and technological corpus for the dynamic characteristics of the research objects. The third chapter is devoted to the discussion of the flat comparison sentence in the Department. In terms of the use of technical language, it is pointed out that because of the difference in vocabulary choice, the comparative sentence has "... Agreement, "and... The same "," and... The same "," and... Similar expressions and many other expressions. The same "use less" in scientific and technical writing, and "strong" in written language. In the fourth chapter, the fourth chapter specializes in the use of "R" in the scientific and technological corpus, and points out that "R Yu" is a typical type of sentence, which is the most widely used in the academic corpus. However, there is a large limit on the selection of form and comparison results, and it is due to the simpleness of syntax and sentence patterns that make the sentence fit the ratio of quantity. So the typical sentence pattern of "R" sentence in the scientific and technological corpus is X+R+ in the number of +Y+ units. The fifth chapter is about the distribution of the three comparative sentences in the scientific and technological corpus. As a whole, the study indicates that the number of difference sentences is far greater than the number of the use of the flat sentence. At the same time, comparing the selection and use of the literary style to these sentence patterns, it is found that the use of these comparative sentences in the two languages also has great differences.

【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H052

【参考文献】