对留学生的“了”的习得偏误分析

发布时间：2018-05-08 15:25

本文选题：“了” + 留学生　；参考：《上海外国语大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：对外汉语教学中，“了”（包括“了1”和“了2”）是教学的重点和难点。《高等学校外国留学生汉语言专业教学大纲》中要求留学生在一年级就学习并掌握“了”的用法。然而留学生在习得“了”的过程中往往存在较多的问题，即便汉语达到一定水平，“了”的使用仍会出现一定程度的偏误。那么，“了”的使用偏误主要表现在哪些方面，为什么产生这些偏误，而我们在教学和学习过程中又该采取什么策略来减少偏误的产生，这些都是值得我们讨论的问题。同时，“了”自身用法复杂且意义高度虚化的特点，使它成为语言学界的研究热点，众多学者对“了”的探索也日益丰富。时至今日，虽然有关留学生的“了”的习得偏误研究不少，，但全面充分地观察、描写、分析留学生在不同学习阶段“了”的偏误的文章还不多见。因此本文以汉语学习低年级、中年级和高年级的外国留学生为考察对象，通过试卷分析、调查问卷等方式收集语料，共整理出“了”的错误使用情况236例。同时，在鲁键骥对于偏误分类的基础上，归纳出“了”的遗漏、误加、误代、错序、其他等五大类十小类最为常见的偏误情况，利用数据、图表等形式进行统计分析，进一步探讨出偏误产生的主要原因，并针对各阶段提出相应的教学建议。本文还通过考察《汉语教程》中“了”的教学内容，结合使用该教材的留学生的学习情况，对教材编排提出了建议。
[Abstract]:In the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language, "the" (including "1" and "2") is the key and difficult point of teaching. To a certain level, there will still be a certain degree of error in the use of "the". Then, what are the main reasons for the misuse of "the", and why these errors arise, and what strategy we should adopt in the course of teaching and learning to reduce errors, which are all issues worthy of discussion.
At the same time, "the" self usage is complicated and the meaning is highly deficient. It has become a hot research topic in the linguistic field, and many scholars have been exploring the "the". Today, although there are many studies on the error of the foreign students' acquisition, it is fully fully observed, depicted and analyzed in different learning stages. In this paper, we study the foreign students of the junior, middle and senior grades in Chinese as the study object, collect the corpus through the examination paper analysis, the questionnaire and so on, and collate 236 cases of the wrong use of "the". The most common errors in the five categories of ten categories, such as missing, misplaced, misplaced, wrong, and so on, are analyzed statistically in the form of data and chart, and the main reasons for the error are further discussed and the corresponding teaching suggestions are put forward at various stages. With the learning situation of the foreign students in this textbook, suggestions are made on the arrangement of teaching materials.

【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H195

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