系统功能语言学视角下的英汉政治演讲的情态对比研究

发布时间：2018-05-13 22:16

本文选题：情态 + 语气　；参考：《宁波大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：政治演讲语篇作为演讲类语篇的一种，历来是国内外众多语言学的专家学者们研究的主要语料来源。国内对政治演讲的语篇研究主要基于系统功能语言学，评价理论等对所选的文本进行研究。而英汉政治演讲语篇的对比研究相对较少。本文尝试从系统功能语言学的角度对英汉政治演讲中的情态动词和语气结构进行对比研究。本研究以韩礼德的系统功能语言学为理论框架，对比十五篇英汉政治演讲中的情态动词和语气结构，从而探究英汉两类政治演讲的不同风格。对于情态动词，主要是从类型、量值、情态取向和肯定否定角度进行分析。对于语气结构，主要是从陈述句，祈使句，疑问句和感叹句的角度进行对比。研究的语料来自中国政治领导人的演讲和美国各届总统的政治演讲各十五篇，所选的语篇篇幅相当，演讲的对象都是本国的听众。研究采用定性和定量相结合的方法，确保研究的科学性和客观性。研究结果发现，在情态方面，英文政治演讲中表示可能性的情态动词比值比中文的高，而中文演讲中表示义务，意愿和经常性的情态动词比值较高。在量值方面，中文政治演讲有较多的中量值的情态动词，而英文政治演讲则有较多的低量值和高量值情态动词。此外，英文演讲中表示明确主观和非明确客观的情态动词比中文的多。而中文演讲中的非明确主观和明确客观情态动词的数量较多。中文演讲中表示肯定意义的情态动词比英文的多。就语气结构而言，美国领导人比中国领导人使用更多的陈述句和疑问句，而中国领导人使用更多的祈使句和感叹句。所以，中文政治演讲比较强调义务和意愿，语调平缓但不乏气势，善于号召鼓舞，表达上比较含蓄且趋于肯定。而英文演讲比较强调礼貌，时而高亢时而温和，主观色彩较浓，表达较直接，注重与听众的交流。本研究将有助于英语学习者更好地了解英汉政治演讲的特点，提高演讲水平。本文共由七章组成。第一章介绍了论文的写作背景，，研究问题和研究意义以及论文的总体内容与结构。第二章为文献综述。综述与情态动词相关的国内外研究现状和与政治类语篇相关的国内外研究动态。第三章为背景理论介绍。该章主要阐述系统功能语法中的情态动词的类型，量值，取向和极性相关的理论以及语气结构相关理论。第四章介绍了研究方法，详细阐述了研究数据的来源和数据分析的步骤。第五章是数据分析，内容包括语料的对比、分析和统计，以及研究结果的总结。第六章是讨论。针对上一个部分的数据分析，加以理论分析，分别从情态类别的不同选择，情态的取向，情态量值的侧重，情态极性来探究英汉政治语篇文本的语气语调特点。第七章是论文的结论，描述本研究对语言研究及英语教学实践的指导意义、论文本身的不足以及对进一步研究的展望。
[Abstract]:As a kind of speech discourse, political speech discourse has always been the main data source of many linguistics experts at home and abroad. Domestic discourse studies on political speeches are mainly based on systemic functional linguistics and evaluation theory. There are few contrastive studies on political speech in English and Chinese. This paper attempts to make a contrastive study of modal verbs and mood structures in English and Chinese political speeches from the perspective of systemic functional linguistics. Taking Halliday's systemic functional linguistics as the theoretical framework, the present study compares the modal verbs and mood structures in 15 English and Chinese political speeches, so as to explore the different styles of English and Chinese political speeches. For modal verbs, it is mainly from the angle of type, quantity, modality orientation and positive negation. As to mood structure, it is mainly from the angle of declarative sentence, imperative sentence, interrogative sentence and exclamatory sentence. The corpus of the study comes from 15 speeches by Chinese political leaders and 15 speeches by American presidents. Qualitative and quantitative methods are adopted to ensure the scientific and objective nature of the study. The results show that in the aspect of modality, the ratio of modal verb to possibility in English political speech is higher than that in Chinese, while the ratio of obligation, will and regular modal verb is higher in Chinese speech. In terms of quantification, Chinese political speech has more modal verbs with middle value, while English political speech has more low and high value modal verbs. In addition, there are more explicit subjective and non-explicit objective modal verbs in English speech than in Chinese. However, the number of non-explicit subjective and explicit objective modal verbs in Chinese speech is more. There are more modal verbs with positive meanings in Chinese speeches than in English. In terms of tone structure, American leaders use more declarative and interrogative sentences than Chinese leaders, while Chinese leaders use more imperative and exclamatory sentences. Therefore, the Chinese political speech emphasizes duty and will, the tone is gentle but no lack of momentum, is good at calling and encouraging, the expression is more implicit and tends to affirm. The English speech emphasizes politeness, sometimes high and gentle, subjective color, direct expression, pay attention to the communication with the audience. This study will help English learners to better understand the characteristics of English and Chinese political speeches and improve their speech proficiency. This paper consists of seven chapters. The first chapter introduces the background, research problems and significance of the thesis, as well as the overall content and structure of the paper. The second chapter is a literature review. This paper summarizes the current situation of research on modal verbs at home and abroad and the research trends related to political discourse at home and abroad. Chapter three is the introduction of background theory. In this chapter, the types, quantities, orientations and polarity of modal verbs in systemic functional grammar and the theory of mood structure are discussed. The fourth chapter introduces the research methods, and describes the source of the data and the steps of data analysis in detail. The fifth chapter is the data analysis, including the comparison of the corpus, analysis and statistics, and the summary of the research results. The sixth chapter is a discussion. Based on the data analysis in the last part, the author makes a theoretical analysis to explore the tone and intonation characteristics of the political texts in English and Chinese from the different selection of modality categories, the orientation of modality, the emphasis on modality value, and the polarity of modality. Chapter seven is the conclusion of the thesis, which describes the significance of this study in language research and English teaching practice, the shortcomings of the thesis itself and the prospects for further research.
【学位授予单位】：宁波大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H15;H315

【参考文献】