极量负极词在问句中使用的双向关联分析

发布时间：2018-05-15 13:02

本文选题：极性敏感性 + 极量负极词　；参考：《复旦大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：极性是指命题情态的肯定和否定倾向。极性敏感词一般分为正极词和负极词,正极词典型分布在肯定句中,负极词则典型分布在否定句中。具有极量的词语容易成为极性词语,本文中,我们把具有极量的负极词称为“极量负极词”。极量负极词常用于否定句和疑问句,如表示极小量金钱的“一个子儿”可以分别被否定句“他首付一个子儿都没向家里要。”和疑问句“谁拿了他一个子儿?”允准。当极量负极词用于疑问句时表示反问,暗含否定含义,如后一例句隐含“谁也没拿他一个子儿”的否定含义。本文吸纳了关联理论、双向优选论、梯级逻辑和信息论等有关理论的思想,从句法、语义、语用、认知等层面对极量负极词在问句中的使用这一言语现象进行多角度剖析。本文整合了关联理论和双向优选论,构拟了一个双向关联模型,试解答极量负极词与可以允准它们的反问句之间的允准关系中包含的七个主要问题： (1)问话人在问句中使用极量词语的语用目的是什么? (2)问话人为何不使用量化域中的其他量级的词语? (3)问话人如何选择词语的极量值? (4)极量负极词构建反问句时适合哪些博弈语境? (5)如何推导问句的否定含义? (6)当问话人使用含有极量负极词的反问句时,交际参与者在博弈情景中是如何进行互动的? (7)有些极量负极词不仅可用于疑问句,而且可用于否定句、有否定含义的语句、条件句、比较句等其它语境,如何对极量负极词与可以允准其分布的各种语境之间的允准关系做出统一的解释? 本文主要从双向关联的角度解释问话人要在反问句中使用极量负极词和理解者把这样的问句理解成反问句而不是求信问句的理由。本文认为问话人使用极量负极词是与他想要获得最有说服力的证据和加强语气的意图相关的。听话人是在启动了量值与概率构成的单调函数关系和最佳相关的语境假设的前提下才领会了问句隐含的否定意义。本文的理论意义如下：第一,对极量负极词在问句中使用的研究是极性词研究中较少涉及的一个方面,本文的研究有助于更加系统地解释极性词在各种句法环境下的分布。第二,现代汉语反问句的研究中较少涉及极性词这一部分,本文也是对于现代汉语反问句研究的一个有益补充。第三,本文结合了以梯级逻辑和信息熵为代表的西方极性词相关理论、关联理论和博弈论等理论,构建了新的双向关联模型,在理论上有所创新。本文章节安排如下：第1章,绪论。第2章,文献综述。第3章,双向关联模型。第4章,极量负极词被问句允准理由的双向关联分析。第5章,结论。
[Abstract]:Polarity refers to the positive and negative tendencies of propositional modality. Polarity sensitive words are generally divided into positive word and negative word. The dictionary type of positive pole is distributed in positive sentence, while negative word is typically distributed in negative sentence. Words with extreme amount are easy to be polar words. In this paper, we call negative words with extreme quantity "extreme negative words". Extreme negative words are often used in negative and interrogative sentences, such as "one child", which indicates a minimum amount of money, may be negated separately. "he pays a down payment without asking for a penny from his family." And the question, "who took a penny of him?" Permission. When extreme negative words are used in interrogative sentences, they imply negative meanings, such as the negative meaning of "no one takes a child". In this paper, relevance theory, bidirectional selection theory, cascade logic and information theory are adopted to analyze the use of extreme negative words in question from syntactic, semantic, pragmatic, cognitive and other aspects. In this paper, we combine relevance theory with bidirectional optimal selection theory, construct a bidirectional relevance model, and try to solve the seven main problems in the permissive relationship between extreme negative words and the rhetorical questions that can permit them. (1) what is the pragmatic purpose for the interrogator to use the maximum amount of words in the question? Why don't interrogators use other orders of magnitude in the quantification domain? 3) how do interrogators choose the maximum value of words? (4) which game context is suitable for the construction of rhetorical questions with extreme negative polar words? 5) how to deduce the negative meaning of question? (6) how do communicative participants interact in game situations when interrogators use rhetorical questions with extreme negative words? (7) some extreme negative words can be used not only in interrogative sentences, but also in negative sentences, statements with negative meanings, conditional sentences, comparative sentences and other contexts, How to make a unified interpretation of the permitted relation between the extreme negative polar words and the various contexts in which they can be allowed to distribute? This paper mainly explains the reasons why interrogators should use extreme negative words in rhetorical questions and that such questions should be interpreted as rhetorical questions rather than trust questions from the point of view of bidirectional relevance. This paper argues that the interrogator's use of extreme negative words is related to his desire to obtain the most convincing evidence and the intention to reinforce the tone. The hearer understands the negative meaning of the question only on the premise of initiating the monotone function relation between the quantity and the probability and the hypothesis of the best correlation context. The theoretical significance of this paper is as follows: First, the study on the use of extreme negative polar words in question sentences is a less involved aspect in the study of polarity words. The research in this paper is helpful to explain the distribution of polar words in various syntactic environments. Second, polarity words are rarely involved in the study of rhetorical questions in modern Chinese, which is also a useful supplement to the study of rhetorical questions in modern Chinese. Thirdly, this paper combines the theory of correlation of western polarity words, relevance theory and game theory, which is represented by cascade logic and information entropy, to construct a new two-way relevance model, which is innovative in theory. This section is organized as follows: Chapter 1, introduction. Chapter 2, literature review. Chapter 3, two-way correlation model. Chapter 4, the bidirectional correlation analysis of the permitted reasons of the extreme negative words. Chapter 5, conclusion.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146

【参考文献】